{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151036708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2026.3678606","title":"Characterizing FaaS Workflows on Public Clouds: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly","display_name":"Characterizing FaaS Workflows on Public Clouds: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151036708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2026.3678606"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2026.3678606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2026.3678606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.23013","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133031945","display_name":"Varad Kulkarni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varad Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1390-7071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132777798","display_name":"Nikhil Reddy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7578-6178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091932305","display_name":"Tuhin Khare","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuhin Khare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2236-8044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086829231","display_name":"Abhinandan S. Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-7603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113248","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad","ror":"https://ror.org/0264cg909","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113248"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhinandan S. Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mehta Family School of DS &#x0026; AI, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Palakkad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-7603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mehta Family School of DS &#x0026; AI, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Palakkad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133046580","display_name":"Chitra Babu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chitra Babu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT), Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9343-2288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT), Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133039937","display_name":"Yogesh Simmhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogesh Simmhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-7774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49738029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":"1312","last_page":"1329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.5812000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.5812000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.17149999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6428999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2957000136375427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7875000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6428999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2026.3678606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2026.3678606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.23013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23013","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.23013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.23013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23013","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.23013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Function-as-a-service":[0],"(FaaS)":[1],"is":[2,90],"a":[3,70,91,94],"popular":[4,125],"serverless":[5],"computing":[6],"paradigm":[7],"for":[8],"event-driven":[9],"functions":[10,35,51],"that":[11],"elastically":[12],"scale":[13],"on":[14,157,189],"public":[15],"clouds.":[16],"FaaS":[17,34,63,71,78,86,97,126],"workflows":[18,138],"(e.g.,":[19,36],"<italic":[20,26],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[21,27,141],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">AWS":[22],"Step":[23],"Functions</i>":[24],"and":[25,39,55,105,114,131,136,167,176,182,185],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Azure":[28],"Durable":[29],"Functions</i>),":[30],"are":[31,65],"composed":[32],"from":[33,129],"AWS":[37,130],"Lambda":[38],"Azure":[40],"Functions)":[41],"to":[42,68,80],"build":[43],"practical":[44],"applications.":[45],"But,":[46],"the":[47,53,59,110,158,191],"complex":[48],"interactions":[49],"between":[50],"in":[52],"workflow":[54,98,127,161],"limited":[56],"visibility":[57],"into":[58],"internals":[60],"of":[61,93,96,123],"proprietary":[62],"platforms":[64,79,128],"major":[66],"impediments":[67],"analyzing":[69],"workflow's":[72],"performance.":[73],"While":[74],"several":[75],"works":[76],"characterize":[77],"derive":[81],"such":[82],"insights,":[83],"or":[84],"offer":[85],"Workflow":[87],"benchmarks,":[88],"there":[89],"lack":[92],"principled":[95],"platforms,":[99,179],"which":[100],"have":[101],"unique":[102,155],"scaling,":[103],"performance":[104,181],"costing":[106],"behavior":[107],"influenced":[108],"by":[109],"platform":[111],"design,":[112],"dataflow":[113],"workloads.":[115],"In":[116],"this":[117],"article,":[118],"we":[119],"perform":[120],"extensive":[121],"evaluations":[122],"three":[124],"Azure,":[132],"running":[133],"25":[134],"micro-benchmark":[135],"application":[137],"over":[139],"<inline-formula":[140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[142],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$139k$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[143],"invocations.":[144],"Our":[145,170],"detailed":[146],"analysis":[147],"confirms":[148],"some":[149],"conventional":[150],"wisdom":[151],"but":[152],"also":[153],"uncovers":[154],"insights":[156],"function":[159],"execution,":[160],"orchestration,":[162],"inter-function":[163],"interactions,":[164],"cold-start":[165],"scaling":[166],"monetary":[168],"costs.":[169],"observations":[171],"help":[172],"developers":[173],"better":[174],"configure":[175],"program":[177],"these":[178],"set":[180],"scalability":[183],"expectations,":[184],"identify":[186],"research":[187],"gaps":[188],"enhancing":[190],"platforms.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-07T00:00:00"}