{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413980122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3606001","title":"Multi-Agent Collaboration for Workflow Task Offloading in End-Edge-Cloud Environments Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Multi-Agent Collaboration for Workflow Task Offloading in End-Edge-Cloud Environments Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413980122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3606001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2025.3606001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3606001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002641316","display_name":"Bin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-4980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bohuai Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105647777","display_name":"Chujia Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chujia Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371774","display_name":"Xing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004385468","display_name":"Zheyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770003","display_name":"Geyong Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-7314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002641316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0965,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93124155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"11","first_page":"2281","last_page":"2296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.942799985408783,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8659825921058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.792962908744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7679474353790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7324875593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6223026514053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.45888620615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45577123761177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4219241738319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.41447409987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3214843273162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2803528904914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22440800070762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17797377705574036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8659825921058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.792962908744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7679474353790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7324875593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6223026514053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.45888620615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45577123761177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4219241738319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.41447409987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3214843273162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2803528904914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22440800070762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17797377705574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2025.3606001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3606001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3448430387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046376809","https://openalex.org/W2106076593","https://openalex.org/W2744951369","https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2808524861","https://openalex.org/W2891123429","https://openalex.org/W2898652425","https://openalex.org/W2904063322","https://openalex.org/W2951128379","https://openalex.org/W2964631160","https://openalex.org/W2980789769","https://openalex.org/W2981237928","https://openalex.org/W3009391516","https://openalex.org/W3024681024","https://openalex.org/W3034265764","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3140120893","https://openalex.org/W3183673024","https://openalex.org/W3200600175","https://openalex.org/W4206321341","https://openalex.org/W4221023924","https://openalex.org/W4225165449","https://openalex.org/W4296338896","https://openalex.org/W4312588618","https://openalex.org/W4318408441","https://openalex.org/W4376480665","https://openalex.org/W4379875944","https://openalex.org/W4380302325","https://openalex.org/W4389371100","https://openalex.org/W4390533376","https://openalex.org/W4391094300","https://openalex.org/W4391164388","https://openalex.org/W4392450288","https://openalex.org/W4400645134","https://openalex.org/W4401246515","https://openalex.org/W4404741795","https://openalex.org/W4404788515","https://openalex.org/W4406264644","https://openalex.org/W4406657357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W3023564924","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computation":[0],"offloading":[1,46,51,67,91,109,130,141,156],"utilizes":[2],"powerful":[3],"cloud":[4],"and":[5,56,86,127,175,184],"edge":[6],"resources":[7],"to":[8,88],"process":[9],"workflow":[10,27,139,154],"applications":[11,28],"offloaded":[12],"from":[13,37,79],"Mobile":[14],"Devices":[15],"(MDs),":[16],"effectively":[17],"alleviating":[18],"the":[19,114,147,170,178,181],"resource":[20],"constraints":[21],"of":[22],"MDs.":[23],"In":[24],"end-edge-cloud":[25,58,111],"environments,":[26],"typically":[29],"exhibit":[30],"complex":[31,57],"task":[32,140,155],"dependencies.":[33],"Meanwhile,":[34],"parallel":[35],"tasks":[36,68],"multi-MDs":[38],"result":[39],"in":[40,93,110],"an":[41,125,152],"expansive":[42],"solution":[43],"space":[44],"for":[45,53,69,106],"decisions.":[47],"Therefore,":[48],"determining":[49],"optimal":[50],"plans":[52,92],"highly":[54],"dynamic":[55],"environments":[59,112],"presents":[60],"significant":[61],"challenges.":[62],"The":[63],"existing":[64],"studies":[65],"on":[66,133],"multi-MD":[70],"workflows":[71],"often":[72],"adopt":[73],"centralized":[74],"decision-making":[75],"methods,":[76],"which":[77],"suffer":[78],"prolonged":[80],"decision":[81,142],"time,":[82],"high":[83],"computational":[84],"overhead,":[85],"inability":[87],"identify":[89],"suitable":[90],"large-scale":[94],"scenarios.":[95],"To":[96],"address":[97],"these":[98],"challenges,":[99],"we":[100],"propose":[101],"a":[102],"Multi-agent":[103],"Collaborative":[104],"method":[105],"Workflow":[107],"Task":[108],"with":[113],"Actor-Critic":[115,148],"algorithm":[116],"called":[117],"MCWT-AC.":[118],"First,":[119],"each":[120,137],"MD":[121],"is":[122,144],"modeled":[123],"as":[124],"agent":[126],"independently":[128],"makes":[129],"decisions":[131],"based":[132],"local":[134],"information.":[135],"Next,":[136],"MD's":[138],"model":[143],"obtained":[145],"through":[146,162],"algorithm.":[149],"At":[150],"runtime,":[151],"effective":[153],"plan":[157],"can":[158,185],"be":[159],"gradually":[160],"developed":[161],"multi-agent":[163],"collaboration.":[164],"Extensive":[165],"simulation":[166],"results":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"that":[169],"MCWT-AC":[171,179],"exhibits":[172],"superior":[173],"adaptability":[174],"scalability.":[176],"Moreover,":[177],"outperforms":[180],"state-of-art":[182],"methods":[183],"quickly":[186],"achieve":[187],"optimal/near-optimal":[188],"performance.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
