{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410491830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3571934","title":"ZeroTracer: In-Band eBPF-Based Trace Generator With Zero Instrumentation for Microservice Systems","display_name":"ZeroTracer: In-Band eBPF-Based Trace Generator With Zero Instrumentation for Microservice Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410491830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3571934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2025.3571934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3571934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wanqi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4568-1076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4568-1076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335060","display_name":"Pengfei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-6900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-6900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032200592","display_name":"Kai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-7659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065561980","display_name":"Huxing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1761-9044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huxing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1761-9044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.933288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"7","first_page":"1478","last_page":"1494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7477467060089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","score":0.724091112613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.6582267880439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5620973706245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.333512544631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24285054206848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.118135005235672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7477467060089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.724091112613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6582267880439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5620973706245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.333512544631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24285054206848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.118135005235672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2025.3571934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2025.3571934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2530523038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B1515020054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7213717779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272495","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997787524","https://openalex.org/W2023953679","https://openalex.org/W2061197966","https://openalex.org/W2121407586","https://openalex.org/W2143522309","https://openalex.org/W2508555779","https://openalex.org/W2612997776","https://openalex.org/W2771302501","https://openalex.org/W2791738704","https://openalex.org/W2798687276","https://openalex.org/W2808646753","https://openalex.org/W2829740438","https://openalex.org/W2887743632","https://openalex.org/W2893595788","https://openalex.org/W2896149153","https://openalex.org/W2949523744","https://openalex.org/W2963776609","https://openalex.org/W3004075915","https://openalex.org/W3100676516","https://openalex.org/W3113370138","https://openalex.org/W3134199133","https://openalex.org/W3165560002","https://openalex.org/W4200103669","https://openalex.org/W4210856516","https://openalex.org/W4244787281","https://openalex.org/W4248813062","https://openalex.org/W4285131467","https://openalex.org/W4290991386","https://openalex.org/W4310934754","https://openalex.org/W4317603370","https://openalex.org/W4376472291","https://openalex.org/W4385993975","https://openalex.org/W4386378095","https://openalex.org/W4391959018","https://openalex.org/W6632104034","https://openalex.org/W6680653849","https://openalex.org/W6685157726","https://openalex.org/W6810667829","https://openalex.org/W7019039550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W562823126","https://openalex.org/W2106037662","https://openalex.org/W1530419332","https://openalex.org/W2045782830","https://openalex.org/W2143942744","https://openalex.org/W2469134140","https://openalex.org/W2125654832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microservice":[0],"enables":[1],"agility":[2],"in":[3,10,82,123,130,157],"modern":[4],"cloud-native":[5],"applications":[6],"but":[7],"introduces":[8,142],"challenges":[9],"fault":[11],"troubleshooting":[12],"due":[13,78],"to":[14,79,112],"its":[15,80],"complex":[16],"service":[17],"coordination":[18],"and":[19,33,47,96,152,159],"cooperation.":[20],"To":[21,49],"tackle":[22],"these":[23,51],"challenges,":[24],"distributed":[25,59,133],"tracing":[26,32,38,60,134],"has":[27],"emerged":[28],"for":[29,74],"end-to-end":[30,121],"request":[31,115],"system":[34,61],"understanding.":[35],"However,":[36],"existing":[37,131],"solutions":[39],"often":[40],"suffer":[41],"from":[42],"code":[43],"instrumentation,":[44],"trace":[45,70,91],"loss":[46],"inaccuracy.":[48],"overcome":[50],"limitations,":[52],"we":[53],"introduce":[54],"ZeroTracer,":[55],"an":[56,64],"in-kernel":[57],"online":[58],"equipped":[62],"with":[63,136,146],"eBPF-based":[65],"(extended":[66],"Berkeley":[67],"Packet":[68],"Filter)":[69],"generator.":[71],"ZeroTracer":[72,88,105,118,141],"tailors":[73],"tracking":[75],"HTTP":[76],"requests":[77,122],"popularity":[81],"microservice":[83,125],"systems.":[84],"In":[85],"our":[86],"evaluations,":[87],"achieves":[89],"remarkable":[90],"accuracy":[92],"(i.e.,":[93],"over":[94],"91%)":[95],"maintains":[97],"stable":[98],"performance":[99],"under":[100],"different":[101],"workload":[102],"concurrency.":[103],"Moreover,":[104,140],"outperforms":[106],"other":[107],"non-invasive":[108],"approaches":[109],"which":[110,127],"fail":[111],"reconcile":[113],"accurate":[114],"causality.":[116],"Notably,":[117],"effectively":[119],"tracks":[120],"multi-threaded":[124],"applications,":[126],"is":[128],"absent":[129],"invasive":[132],"systems":[135],"third-party":[137],"library":[138],"instrumentation.":[139],"a":[143,153],"negligible":[144],"overhead,":[145],"latency":[147],"increasing":[148],"by":[149],"only":[150],"0.5%\u20131.2%":[151],"modest":[154],"3%\u20135.8%":[155],"increase":[156],"CPU":[158],"memory":[160],"consumption.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}