{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399767770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2024.3415712","title":"Exploiting Temporal-Unrolled Parallelism for Energy-Efficient SNN Acceleration","display_name":"Exploiting Temporal-Unrolled Parallelism for Energy-Efficient SNN Acceleration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399767770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2024.3415712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2024.3415712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2024.3415712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017670541","display_name":"Fangxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fangxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107269495","display_name":"Zongwu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2157-4927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongwu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072162370","display_name":"Wenbo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-6394"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["PDD Holdings Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PDD Holdings Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083426933","display_name":"Ning Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-4172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034303334","display_name":"Yongbiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7727-5489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102989014","display_name":"Shiyuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-6802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399528","display_name":"Haoming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haomin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065875464","display_name":"Tao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-4023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024369224","display_name":"Songwen Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-1458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songwen Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056632010","display_name":"Xiaoyao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053801300","display_name":"Li Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-8798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017670541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79280232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"10","first_page":"1749","last_page":"1764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8276257514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.7615596055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6986896991729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.5527341961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5134180784225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.47729623317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43579646944999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09443113207817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08661884069442749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8276257514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.7615596055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6986896991729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5527341961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5134180784225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.47729623317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43579646944999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09443113207817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08661884069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2024.3415712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2024.3415712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1463474965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W2082690044","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2233731247","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2735289987","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2810704618","https://openalex.org/W2963206832","https://openalex.org/W2964166416","https://openalex.org/W2964338223","https://openalex.org/W2974328520","https://openalex.org/W2979879900","https://openalex.org/W2981101011","https://openalex.org/W2990793844","https://openalex.org/W2992437543","https://openalex.org/W3015205410","https://openalex.org/W3035644810","https://openalex.org/W3042725081","https://openalex.org/W3043692235","https://openalex.org/W3092108775","https://openalex.org/W3093729901","https://openalex.org/W3097140984","https://openalex.org/W3099971873","https://openalex.org/W3104409553","https://openalex.org/W3110802041","https://openalex.org/W3111634422","https://openalex.org/W3116977674","https://openalex.org/W3129643976","https://openalex.org/W3136880521","https://openalex.org/W3153346071","https://openalex.org/W3169604371","https://openalex.org/W3184329476","https://openalex.org/W3211954089","https://openalex.org/W4283797178","https://openalex.org/W4285676454","https://openalex.org/W4293024079","https://openalex.org/W4315473692","https://openalex.org/W4379471878","https://openalex.org/W6671216997","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6689286705","https://openalex.org/W6771742384","https://openalex.org/W6796769690","https://openalex.org/W6898611122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045183646","https://openalex.org/W2162409446","https://openalex.org/W2109463584","https://openalex.org/W2504075107","https://openalex.org/W2390829436","https://openalex.org/W1989791859","https://openalex.org/W2565094479","https://openalex.org/W1595672120","https://openalex.org/W4230999561","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Event-driven":[0],"spiking":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"(SNNs)":[4],"have":[5],"demonstrated":[6],"significant":[7],"potential":[8,52,110],"for":[9,111,134,153,197,290],"achieving":[10],"high":[11,25],"energy":[12,28,282],"and":[13,27,46,86,258,279],"area":[14],"efficiency.":[15],"However,":[16,76],"existing":[17],"SNN":[18,39,67,102,237,268],"accelerators":[19],"suffer":[20],"from":[21],"issues":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24],"latency":[26,179],"consumption":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,62,69,218,223,265],"serial":[32],"accumulation-comparison":[33,210],"operations.":[34],"This":[35,125,166],"is":[36,61,287],"mainly":[37],"because":[38],"neurons":[40,85],"integrate":[41],"spikes,":[42],"accumulate":[43],"membrane":[44,109],"potential,":[45],"generate":[47],"output":[48,200],"spikes":[49,68],"when":[50],"the":[51,64,71,88,139,147,158,170,174,199,205,209,243,246,266],"exceeds":[53],"a":[54,100,117,184,192,215],"threshold.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"this,":[58],"one":[59],"approach":[60],"leverage":[63],"sparsity":[65],"of":[66,73,90,108,150,162,173,189,229,249,256],"reduce":[70],"number":[72],"time":[74,113,155],"steps.":[75,114],"this":[77,95],"method":[78,217],"can":[79,272],"result":[80],"in":[81,208,254],"imbalanced":[82],"workloads":[83,222],"among":[84],"limit":[87],"utilization":[89],"processing":[91,160],"elements":[92],"(PEs).":[93],"In":[94],"paper,":[96],"we":[97],"present":[98],"SATO,":[99],"temporal-parallel":[101],"accelerator":[103,175,269],"that":[104,240],"enables":[105,146],"parallel":[106,159],"accumulation":[107,152],"all":[112,224],"SATO":[115,145,190,213,241,271],"adopts":[116],"two-stage":[118],"pipeline":[119],"methodology,":[120],"effectively":[121,203],"decoupling":[122,204],"neuron":[123,140],"computations.":[124],"not":[126,167],"only":[127,168],"maintains":[128],"accuracy":[129],"but":[130,176],"also":[131,177,273],"unveils":[132],"opportunities":[133],"fine-grained":[135],"parallelism.":[136],"By":[137],"dividing":[138],"computation":[141],"into":[142],"distinct":[143],"stages,":[144],"concurrent":[148],"execution":[149],"spike":[151,201,231],"each":[154],"step,":[156],"leveraging":[157],"capabilities":[161],"modern":[163],"hardware":[164],"architectures.":[165],"enhances":[169],"overall":[171],"efficiency":[172],"reduces":[178],"by":[180,251],"exploiting":[181],"parallelism":[182],"at":[183],"granular":[185],"level.":[186],"The":[187],"architecture":[188],"includes":[191],"novel":[193],"binary":[194],"adder-search":[195],"tree":[196],"generating":[198],"train,":[202],"chronological":[206],"dependence":[207],"operation.":[211],"Furthermore,":[212],"employs":[214],"bucket-sort-based":[216],"evenly":[219],"distribute":[220],"compressed":[221],"PEs,":[225],"maximizing":[226],"data":[227],"locality":[228],"input":[230],"trains.":[232],"Experimental":[233],"results":[234],"on":[235,262,284],"various":[236],"models":[238],"demonstrate":[239],"outperforms":[242],"well-known":[244],"accelerator,":[245],"8-bit":[247],"version":[248],"\u201cEyeriss\u201d":[250],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[252,259,275,280],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$20.7\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[253],"terms":[255],"speedup":[257],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$6.0\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[260],"energy-saving,":[261],"average.":[263],"Compared":[264],"state-of-the-art":[267],"\u201cSpinalFlow\u201d,":[270],"achieve":[274],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$4.6\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[276],"performance":[277],"gain":[278],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3.1\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[281],"reduction":[283],"average,":[285],"which":[286],"quite":[288],"impressive":[289],"inference.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}