{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323519324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3253604","title":"Incentive Mechanism Design for Joint Resource Allocation in Blockchain-Based Federated Learning","display_name":"Incentive Mechanism Design for Joint Resource Allocation in Blockchain-Based Federated Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323519324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3253604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2023.3253604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3253604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/f6748104-076e-4574-875a-fadb408cfab0/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101475389","display_name":"Zhilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-0332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073501368","display_name":"Qin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8847-8345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8847-8345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001850067","display_name":"Ruinian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","display_name":"Bowling Green State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay7va13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruinian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-0502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103077343","display_name":"Minghui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-3461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-3461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327587","display_name":"Zehui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9533,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99419662,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"5","first_page":"1536","last_page":"1547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8745529055595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.8084704875946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.7267916202545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization","display_name":"Decentralization","score":0.5677334666252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5552195310592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5378761291503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5100463032722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3339073657989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15560263395309448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8745529055595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.8084704875946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7267916202545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.5677334666252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5552195310592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5378761291503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5100463032722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3339073657989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15560263395309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2023.3253604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3253604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/45703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/45703","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/f6748104-076e-4574-875a-fadb408cfab0/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ArXiv","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/45703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/45703","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/f6748104-076e-4574-875a-fadb408cfab0/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ArXiv","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2929124569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2105004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7712542659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRG-ISTD-2021165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","funder_display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8942805157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62232010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323519324.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323519324.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051271066","https://openalex.org/W2082011829","https://openalex.org/W2774802253","https://openalex.org/W2886722183","https://openalex.org/W2972882814","https://openalex.org/W2974429275","https://openalex.org/W2982232329","https://openalex.org/W2989253922","https://openalex.org/W2989289980","https://openalex.org/W2990700079","https://openalex.org/W3006655855","https://openalex.org/W3007199357","https://openalex.org/W3047742722","https://openalex.org/W3051272477","https://openalex.org/W3082060398","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3093606573","https://openalex.org/W3107423520","https://openalex.org/W3109695251","https://openalex.org/W3112885687","https://openalex.org/W3113149354","https://openalex.org/W3120721446","https://openalex.org/W3122294042","https://openalex.org/W3135894856","https://openalex.org/W3156284706","https://openalex.org/W3163893137","https://openalex.org/W3201807537","https://openalex.org/W3212552055","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4287816583","https://openalex.org/W4293211913","https://openalex.org/W4294733424","https://openalex.org/W4296340542","https://openalex.org/W4308650960","https://openalex.org/W4310055702","https://openalex.org/W4313012170","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6752600739","https://openalex.org/W6753725573","https://openalex.org/W6769414235","https://openalex.org/W6776135184","https://openalex.org/W6802006920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain-based":[0],"federated":[1],"learning":[2],"(BCFL)":[3],"has":[4,24,85],"recently":[5],"gained":[6],"tremendous":[7],"attention":[8],"because":[9],"of":[10,19,32,89,94,143,164,202,230],"its":[11],"advantages,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"decentralization":[15],"and":[16,74,100,133,135,167,191],"privacy":[17],"protection":[18],"raw":[20],"data.":[21],"However,":[22],"there":[23],"been":[25],"few":[26],"studies":[27],"focusing":[28],"on":[29,152],"the":[30,35,41,46,50,55,62,66,71,92,117,122,137,141,156,162,165,171,184,189,195,213,220,228],"allocation":[31],"resources":[33,97],"for":[34,131,148,187],"participated":[36],"devices":[37],"(i.e.,":[38,121],"clients)":[39],"in":[40,45],"BCFL":[42,47,123],"system.":[43],"Especially,":[44],"framework":[48],"where":[49],"FL":[51],"clients":[52,58],"are":[53,179],"also":[54],"blockchain":[56,72],"miners,":[57],"have":[59],"to":[60,70,78,98,103,115,146,182,219],"train":[61],"local":[63,198],"models,":[64],"broadcast":[65],"trained":[67],"model":[68,118,173,215],"updates":[69],"network,":[73],"then":[75,136],"perform":[76],"mining":[77,101],"generate":[79],"new":[80],"blocks.":[81],"Since":[82],"each":[83,127,149,203],"client":[84,128,138,204],"a":[86],"limited":[87],"amount":[88,142],"computing":[90,96,144],"resources,":[91],"problem":[93],"allocating":[95],"training":[99,132,199],"needs":[102],"be":[104,207],"carefully":[105],"addressed.":[106],"In":[107],"this":[108],"paper,":[109],"we":[110,169,211],"design":[111],"an":[112],"incentive":[113],"mechanism":[114],"help":[116],"owner":[119],"(MO)":[120],"task":[124],"publisher)":[125],"assign":[126],"appropriate":[129],"rewards":[130,154],"mining,":[134],"will":[139],"determine":[140],"power":[145],"allocate":[147],"subtask":[150],"based":[151],"these":[153],"using":[155],"two-stage":[157],"Stackelberg":[158],"game.":[159],"After":[160],"analyzing":[161],"utilities":[163],"MO":[166,190],"clients,":[168],"transform":[170],"game":[172,214],"into":[174],"two":[175],"optimization":[176],"problems,":[177],"which":[178],"sequentially":[180],"solved":[181],"derive":[183],"optimal":[185],"strategies":[186],"both":[188],"clients.":[192],"Further,":[193],"considering":[194],"fact":[196],"that":[197],"related":[200],"information":[201,222],"may":[205],"not":[206],"known":[208],"by":[209],"others,":[210],"extend":[212],"with":[216],"analytical":[217],"solutions":[218],"incomplete":[221],"scenario.":[223],"Extensive":[224],"experimental":[225],"results":[226],"demonstrate":[227],"validity":[229],"our":[231],"proposed":[232],"schemes.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}