{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321609268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3245092","title":"Large-Scale Measurements and Prediction of DC-WAN Traffic","display_name":"Large-Scale Measurements and Prediction of DC-WAN Traffic","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321609268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3245092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2023.3245092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3245092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018784678","display_name":"Zhaohua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8733-4841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330770","display_name":"Zhenyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058593618","display_name":"Heng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-5958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guangming Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102013387","display_name":"Yunfei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-1805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029182306","display_name":"Qinghua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5526-4984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023313904","display_name":"Gareth Tyson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-791X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["GB","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gareth Tyson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (GZ), Hong Kong","Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (GZ), Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066755402","display_name":"Gang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9211-1044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018784678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85117303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"5","first_page":"1390","last_page":"1405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6228928565979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4818590581417084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33523035049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32649874687194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14234697818756104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6228928565979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4818590581417084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33523035049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32649874687194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14234697818756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2023.3245092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2023.3245092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-126644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-126644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1097869779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5715666106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6958661067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40890042","https://openalex.org/W1988150362","https://openalex.org/W2009266039","https://openalex.org/W2062832101","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2102090846","https://openalex.org/W2116062114","https://openalex.org/W2136971669","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2158787690","https://openalex.org/W2166102903","https://openalex.org/W2168595508","https://openalex.org/W2170644767","https://openalex.org/W2472192521","https://openalex.org/W2493244360","https://openalex.org/W2508010313","https://openalex.org/W2613694343","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2762605243","https://openalex.org/W2782912001","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2894393199","https://openalex.org/W2904449562","https://openalex.org/W2910790589","https://openalex.org/W2963035276","https://openalex.org/W2963432161","https://openalex.org/W2965341826","https://openalex.org/W2971353394","https://openalex.org/W3010612350","https://openalex.org/W3033024620","https://openalex.org/W3080911033","https://openalex.org/W3089332930","https://openalex.org/W3091858314","https://openalex.org/W3103656239","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3131831276","https://openalex.org/W3173985525","https://openalex.org/W3208361200","https://openalex.org/W3213859715","https://openalex.org/W4200324951","https://openalex.org/W4232945059","https://openalex.org/W4236202168","https://openalex.org/W6696085341","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6749825310","https://openalex.org/W6762427346","https://openalex.org/W6763085018","https://openalex.org/W6794625095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"cloud":[1],"service":[2],"providers":[3,43],"have":[4],"built":[5],"an":[6,40],"increasing":[7],"number":[8],"of":[9,56,70],"geo-distributed":[10],"data":[11],"centers":[12],"(DCs)":[13],"connected":[14],"by":[15,172,212],"Wide":[16],"Area":[17],"Networks":[18],"(WANs).":[19],"These":[20],"DC-WANs":[21],"carry":[22],"both":[23,153],"high-priority":[24,58,71,169],"traffic":[25,31,48,73,80,91,99,103,143,155,170,232],"from":[26,32,74],"interactive":[27],"services":[28],"and":[29,86,157,186,220],"low-priority":[30],"bulk":[33],"transfers.":[34],"Given":[35],"that":[36,51,88,199],"a":[37,66,203],"DC-WAN":[38,85,231],"is":[39],"expensive":[41],"resource,":[42],"often":[44],"manage":[45],"it":[46],"via":[47],"engineering":[49],"algorithms":[50],"rely":[52],"on":[53,108],"accurate":[54],"predictions":[55],"inter-DC":[57,72,79,142],"(delay-sensitive)":[59],"traffic.":[60],"In":[61,145],"this":[62],"article,":[63],"we":[64,111],"perform":[65],"large-scale":[67],"measurement":[68],"study":[69],"Baidu.":[75],"We":[76],"measure":[77],"how":[78],"varies":[81],"across":[82],"their":[83],"global":[84],"show":[87,198],"most":[89],"existing":[90],"prediction":[92],"methods":[93],"either":[94],"cannot":[95],"capture":[96],"the":[97,113,165,175,218,226],"complex":[98],"dynamics":[100],"or":[101],"overlook":[102],"interrelations":[104],"among":[105],"DCs.":[106],"Building":[107],"our":[109,150],"measurements,":[110],"propose":[112],"<bold":[114,120,126,133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[115,118,121,124,127,130,134,137],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">In</b>":[116],"<italic":[117,123,129,136],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">terrelated-</i>":[119],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Te</b>":[122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">mporal</i>":[125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">G</b>":[128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">raph":[131],"Convolutional</i>":[132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Net</b>":[135],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">work</i>":[138],"(IntegNet)":[139],"model":[140,151],"for":[141,168,174],"prediction.":[144],"contrast":[146],"to":[147,214,217,222,225],"prior":[148],"efforts,":[149],"exploits":[152],"temporal":[154],"patterns":[156],"inferred":[158],"co-dependencies":[159],"between":[160,177],"DC":[161],"pairs.":[162],"IntegNet":[163,200],"forecasts":[164],"capacity":[166],"needed":[167],"demands":[171],"accounting":[173],"balance":[176],"resource":[178],"provisioning":[179],"(i.e.,":[180,189],"allocating":[181,190],"resources":[182,192],"exceeding":[183],"actual":[184,194],"demand)":[185],"QoS":[187,206],"losses":[188],"fewer":[191],"than":[193],"demand).":[195],"Our":[196],"experiments":[197],"can":[201],"keep":[202],"very":[204],"limited":[205],"loss,":[207],"while":[208],"also":[209],"reducing":[210],"overprovisioning":[211],"up":[213,221],"42.1%":[215],"compared":[216,224],"state-of-the-art":[219],"66.2%":[223],"traditional":[227],"method":[228],"used":[229],"in":[230],"engineering.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
