{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285130736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3187772","title":"Efficient and Secure Deep Learning Inference in Trusted Processor Enabled Edge Clouds","display_name":"Efficient and Secure Deep Learning Inference in Trusted Processor Enabled Edge Clouds","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285130736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3187772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2022.3187772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3187772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000910754","display_name":"Yuepeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-257X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuepeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-257X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077093242","display_name":"Deze Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-1202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deze Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-1202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073146599","display_name":"Lin Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-9334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377840","display_name":"Quan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5832-0347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5832-0347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043464306","display_name":"Song Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182722699","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699","https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015993565","display_name":"Albert Y. Zomaya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Zomaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-1059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039318240","display_name":"Minyi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minyi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000910754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85273729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"12","first_page":"4311","last_page":"4325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8620665073394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6723224520683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5856159329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5184042453765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4640580415725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4116972088813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3544490337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.34825003147125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3218687176704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.3055896759033203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8620665073394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6723224520683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5856159329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5184042453765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4640580415725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4116972088813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3544490337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.34825003147125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3218687176704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3055896759033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2022.3187772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3187772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-129610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1045-9219&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=12&rft.date=2022&rft.spage=4311&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Yuepeng&rft.atitle=Efficient+and+Secure+Deep+Learning+Inference+in+Trusted+Processor+Enabled+Edge+Clouds&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Parallel+and+Distributed+Systems","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2760285631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3017900995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20200109142008673","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4343160103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5564014484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7111805306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2035488079","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2129034289","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2435473771","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2561955909","https://openalex.org/W2595557940","https://openalex.org/W2626129225","https://openalex.org/W2741593962","https://openalex.org/W2793931959","https://openalex.org/W2811166235","https://openalex.org/W2889402930","https://openalex.org/W2904417297","https://openalex.org/W2950168363","https://openalex.org/W2950865323","https://openalex.org/W2954420970","https://openalex.org/W2962763344","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964162474","https://openalex.org/W2979832172","https://openalex.org/W2990183786","https://openalex.org/W2998653236","https://openalex.org/W3046127806","https://openalex.org/W3088518202","https://openalex.org/W3096785379","https://openalex.org/W3101962329","https://openalex.org/W3112592596","https://openalex.org/W3117755275","https://openalex.org/W3141763582","https://openalex.org/W3162910548","https://openalex.org/W3175175642","https://openalex.org/W3204657586","https://openalex.org/W3209210773","https://openalex.org/W3213200620","https://openalex.org/W4236853429","https://openalex.org/W4242053016","https://openalex.org/W4287281082","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6650938695","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6712237015","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6729342207","https://openalex.org/W6729667700","https://openalex.org/W6730426483","https://openalex.org/W6742578501","https://openalex.org/W6749794497","https://openalex.org/W6752924385","https://openalex.org/W6791576469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4312996489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge":[0],"intelligence":[1],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,138],"a":[5,172,177],"prevalent":[6],"enabling":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,67,93,104,154],"support":[10],"various":[11],"intelligent":[12],"applications.":[13],"Along":[14],"with":[15],"the":[16,24,29,41,94,110,120,149,157,160,165,205,213],"prosperity,":[17],"it":[18],"also":[19,117],"raises":[20],"great":[21],"concern":[22],"on":[23],"security":[25,76],"and":[26,35,44,53,77,109,126,164,176,189,204],"privacy":[27,78],"since":[28],"edge":[30,187],"servers":[31,188],"are":[32,116],"usually":[33],"shared":[34],"untrusted.":[36],"The":[37],"security-sensitive":[38],"code":[39],"(i.e.,":[40,122],"pre-trained":[42],"model)":[43],"data":[45],"may":[46],"be":[47],"easily":[48],"stolen":[49],"by":[50,119,216],"malicious":[51],"tenants,":[52],"even":[54],"untrusted":[55],"infrastructure":[56],"providers.":[57],"To":[58,128],"this":[59,129,132],"end,":[60,130],"Software":[61],"Guard":[62],"Extensions":[63],"(SGX)":[64],"is":[65],"proposed":[66],"provide":[68],"an":[69,139],"isolated":[70],"Trust":[71],"Execution":[72],"Environment":[73],"(TEE)":[74],"for":[75,182],"guarantee.":[79],"However,":[80],"we":[81,134],"find":[82],"that":[83,208],"running":[84],"tasks":[85],"in":[86,131,192],"SGX":[87,140],"suffer":[88],"certain":[89],"performance":[90,215],"degradation":[91],"due":[92],"limited":[95],"Enclave":[96],"Page":[97],"Cache":[98],"(EPC)":[99],"size.":[100],"This":[101],"further":[102],"leads":[103],"frequent":[105],"page":[106],"swapping":[107],"operations":[108],"high":[111],"enclave":[112],"call":[113],"overhead,":[114],"which":[115,147],"influenced":[118],"task":[121,174,179,183,190],"DNN":[123,143,152,202],"layer)":[124],"dispatching":[125,184],"scheduling.":[127],"paper,":[133],"design":[135],"<b>Lasagna</b>":[136],",":[137],"based":[141],"secure":[142],"inference":[144,214],"acceleration":[145],"framework,":[146],"explores":[148],"layered-structure":[150],"of":[151,159,171],"models":[153],"well":[155],"balance":[156],"usage":[158],"scarce":[161],"EPC":[162],"resources":[163],"computation":[166],"resources.":[167],"Lasagna":[168,198,209],"mainly":[169],"consists":[170],"global":[173],"balancer":[175],"local":[178,193],"scheduler,":[180],"responding":[181],"across":[185],"distributed":[186],"scheduling":[191],"server,":[194],"respectively.":[195],"We":[196],"evaluate":[197],"over":[199],"different":[200],"well-known":[201],"models,":[203],"results":[206],"show":[207],"effectively":[210],"speeds":[211],"up":[212],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[217],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.11\\times":[218],"-1.51\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[219],".":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}