{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285180158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3173707","title":"PhaST: Hierarchical Concurrent Log-Free Skip List for Persistent Memory","display_name":"PhaST: Hierarchical Concurrent Log-Free Skip List for Persistent Memory","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285180158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3173707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2022.3173707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3173707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114734344","display_name":"Zhenxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-5070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-5070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063103318","display_name":"Bing Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004997843","display_name":"Shuibing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-4153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuibing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-4153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070216261","display_name":"Weikuan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8754-0311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114734344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160","https://openalex.org/I4210123185"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84811769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"12","first_page":"3929","last_page":"3941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590802907943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency","display_name":"Concurrency","score":0.6730622053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.545830488204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5441608428955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5281790494918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.509372353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrent-data-structure","display_name":"Concurrent data structure","score":0.43549495935440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.42848023772239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.41109609603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35584330558776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.34104758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.1328679621219635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590802907943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.6730622053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.545830488204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5441608428955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5281790494918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.509372353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203222032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159104","display_name":"Concurrent data structure","level":3,"score":0.43549495935440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.42848023772239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.41109609603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35584330558776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.34104758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.1328679621219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2022.3173707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3173707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4779957870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1422898865","https://openalex.org/W1437323374","https://openalex.org/W1540179969","https://openalex.org/W1963674762","https://openalex.org/W1966132277","https://openalex.org/W1984427459","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W2014396444","https://openalex.org/W2056475144","https://openalex.org/W2068739275","https://openalex.org/W2070991879","https://openalex.org/W2087946700","https://openalex.org/W2108183412","https://openalex.org/W2117572751","https://openalex.org/W2135652458","https://openalex.org/W2136651966","https://openalex.org/W2161694911","https://openalex.org/W2164996477","https://openalex.org/W2170146741","https://openalex.org/W2185655604","https://openalex.org/W2433709474","https://openalex.org/W2526202524","https://openalex.org/W2604283882","https://openalex.org/W2615786090","https://openalex.org/W2741420129","https://openalex.org/W2769127070","https://openalex.org/W2793823461","https://openalex.org/W2916082303","https://openalex.org/W2940937677","https://openalex.org/W2948051378","https://openalex.org/W2971106790","https://openalex.org/W2975438130","https://openalex.org/W3010663313","https://openalex.org/W3013808246","https://openalex.org/W3086582093","https://openalex.org/W3094882177","https://openalex.org/W3103616267","https://openalex.org/W3131236281","https://openalex.org/W3131683382","https://openalex.org/W3136572593","https://openalex.org/W3136905682","https://openalex.org/W3137195870","https://openalex.org/W3207820050","https://openalex.org/W4246281707","https://openalex.org/W6628393877","https://openalex.org/W6680035241","https://openalex.org/W6735955001","https://openalex.org/W6742059841","https://openalex.org/W6746714993","https://openalex.org/W6749852417","https://openalex.org/W6759400971","https://openalex.org/W6766537505","https://openalex.org/W6790747994","https://openalex.org/W6791454427","https://openalex.org/W6791629789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509211761","https://openalex.org/W2047588290","https://openalex.org/W2588901507","https://openalex.org/W1578902279","https://openalex.org/W2582456645","https://openalex.org/W2899486387","https://openalex.org/W2372170743","https://openalex.org/W1517816648","https://openalex.org/W2105856903","https://openalex.org/W2391167130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skip":[0],"list":[1],"(skiplist)":[2],"is":[3,58],"a":[4,73,132],"competitive":[5],"index":[6,57],"structure":[7],"that":[8,137],"offers":[9],"superior":[10],"concurrency":[11,112],"and":[12,20,89,113,124,143,168,185,190,192,194,199],"excellent":[13],"performance":[14],"but":[15],"with":[16],"high":[17,111],"memory":[18,26],"overhead":[19],"low":[21],"access":[22,54,92],"locality.":[23],"Emerging":[24],"persistent":[25],"(PM)":[27],"technologies":[28],"present":[29],"an":[30,56,152],"opportunity":[31],"to":[32,55,60,160,183],"mitigate":[33],"the":[34,61,86],"capacity":[35],"constraint":[36],"of":[37,97,107,155],"DRAM.":[38],"However,":[39],"data":[40,115],"consistency":[41],"on":[42,63],"PM":[43],"typically":[44],"results":[45,172],"in":[46,105,187,196],"excessive":[47],"write":[48],"overhead.":[49],"In":[50,68],"addition,":[51],"fast":[52,102,114],"concurrent":[53,122,135,146,197],"critical":[59],"throughput":[62],"high-end":[64],"contemporary":[65],"computer":[66],"systems.":[67],"this":[69],"article,":[70],"we":[71,117,129],"propose":[72],"Partitioned":[74],"HierArchical":[75],"SkiplisT":[76],"called":[77],"<sc":[78,156,174],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79,157,175],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">PhaST</small>":[80,158,176],",":[81],"which":[82],"can":[83,138],"simultaneously":[84],"reduce":[85],"skiplist":[87],"height":[88],"improve":[90],"its":[91,95],"locality,":[93],"through":[94],"hierarchy":[96],"component":[98],"structures,":[99],"while":[100],"enabling":[101],"parallel":[103],"recovery":[104],"case":[106],"failure.":[108],"To":[109],"ensure":[110],"consistency,":[116],"also":[118],"have":[119,130,150],"developed":[120,131],"writelock-free":[121],"insert":[123],"log-free":[125],"atomic":[126],"split.":[127],"Furthermore,":[128],"durable":[133],"lock-free":[134],"search":[136],"discern":[139],"transient":[140],"structural":[141],"inconsistencies":[142],"deliver":[144],"highly":[145],"read":[147],"operations.":[148],"We":[149],"conducted":[151],"extensive":[153],"evaluation":[154,171],"compared":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"studies":[162],"such":[163],"as":[164],"NV-Skiplist,":[165],"wB+-Tree,":[166],"FPTree,":[167],"FAST-FAIR.":[169],"Our":[170],"show":[173],"outperforms":[177],"other":[178],"indexing":[179],"structures":[180],"by":[181],"up":[182],"4.05\u00d7":[184],"2.87\u00d7":[186],"single-threaded":[188],"inserts":[189,198],"searches,":[191],"1.56\u00d7":[193],"2.62\u00d7":[195],"searches.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}