{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211124002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3150579","title":"Towards Efficient and Stable K-Asynchronous Federated Learning With Unbounded Stale Gradients on Non-IID Data","display_name":"Towards Efficient and Stable K-Asynchronous Federated Learning With Unbounded Stale Gradients on Non-IID Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211124002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3150579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2022.3150579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3150579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.01214","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009465128","display_name":"Zihao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-284X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-2567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-2567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083582213","display_name":"Xuebin Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuebin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-0250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067547680","display_name":"Shusen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shusen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, the Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-6237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics, the Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97543748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"12","first_page":"3291","last_page":"3305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9616000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8734067678451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.8664296269416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.6268349289894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.5579135417938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.49220743775367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilemma","display_name":"Dilemma","score":0.47906240820884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.46525436639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3914816081523895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3402749300003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3328326344490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1343170404434204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8734067678451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.8664296269416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.6268349289894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.5579135417938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.49220743775367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.47906240820884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.46525436639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3914816081523895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3402749300003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3328326344490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1343170404434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2022.3150579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2022.3150579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.01214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.01214","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.01214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.01214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.01214","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.01214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1082092869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020T130513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2045660238","display_name":"\u7fa4\u667a\u611f\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u672c\u5730\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61802298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2066389582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M663726","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5234250448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11690011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5372072380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1811461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6727632337","display_name":"\u4eba\u4e3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7fa4\u667a\u611f\u77e5\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0e\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7108580912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8698885527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A6005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W778657980","https://openalex.org/W1518461880","https://openalex.org/W1652793671","https://openalex.org/W1984541135","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2133941677","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2295138987","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W2741736887","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2746032536","https://openalex.org/W2746440038","https://openalex.org/W2783522756","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2895891814","https://openalex.org/W2900319533","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2917830734","https://openalex.org/W2921434559","https://openalex.org/W2929084559","https://openalex.org/W2949522309","https://openalex.org/W2949734902","https://openalex.org/W2955213239","https://openalex.org/W2962950660","https://openalex.org/W2963361660","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963489801","https://openalex.org/W2963792515","https://openalex.org/W2974175488","https://openalex.org/W2978709794","https://openalex.org/W2982676829","https://openalex.org/W2982859792","https://openalex.org/W2991209658","https://openalex.org/W2996442797","https://openalex.org/W2996725199","https://openalex.org/W2998045710","https://openalex.org/W3006555759","https://openalex.org/W3007279825","https://openalex.org/W3012632632","https://openalex.org/W3027472889","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3038057116","https://openalex.org/W3042621011","https://openalex.org/W3045674654","https://openalex.org/W3085873903","https://openalex.org/W3105668694","https://openalex.org/W3106416029","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3129775241","https://openalex.org/W4288111766","https://openalex.org/W4288414371","https://openalex.org/W4289147229","https://openalex.org/W4289422630","https://openalex.org/W4294106961","https://openalex.org/W4301515685","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6622473587","https://openalex.org/W6636806777","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6692488971","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6729342207","https://openalex.org/W6730190955","https://openalex.org/W6742061381","https://openalex.org/W6749257597","https://openalex.org/W6752029299","https://openalex.org/W6755024261","https://openalex.org/W6755829780","https://openalex.org/W6756756286","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6759737255","https://openalex.org/W6760214840","https://openalex.org/W6765541894","https://openalex.org/W6767664422","https://openalex.org/W6768324076","https://openalex.org/W6769500930","https://openalex.org/W6769810102","https://openalex.org/W6771536673","https://openalex.org/W6771857412","https://openalex.org/W6772197471","https://openalex.org/W6773817997","https://openalex.org/W6775755494","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944823289","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2350209916","https://openalex.org/W2003209439","https://openalex.org/W4321854979","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W3037018281","https://openalex.org/W2358319515","https://openalex.org/W2972511296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,111,120],"(FL)":[2],"is":[3],"an":[4,64],"emerging":[5],"privacy-preserving":[6],"paradigm":[7],"that":[8,180],"enables":[9],"multiple":[10],"participants":[11],"collaboratively":[12],"to":[13,43,70,80,161,187],"train":[14],"a":[15,102],"global":[16],"model":[17,59],"without":[18],"uploading":[19],"raw":[20],"data.":[21,169],"Considering":[22],"heterogeneous":[23],"computing":[24],"and":[25,41,50,118,127,144,167,175],"communication":[26],"capabilities":[27],"of":[28,131,158,165],"different":[29],"participants,":[30],"asynchronous":[31,54,107],"FL":[32,40,55,108,177],"can":[33,135],"avoid":[34],"the":[35,58,68,71,77,97,129,150,156,163],"stragglers":[36],"effect":[37],"in":[38,53,139],"synchronous":[39],"adapts":[42],"scenarios":[44],"with":[45,88,109],"vast":[46],"participants.":[47],"Both":[48],"staleness":[49,78,160,166],"non-IID":[51,89,132,168],"data":[52,90],"would":[56],"reduce":[57],"utility.":[60],"However,":[61],"there":[62],"exists":[63],"inherent":[65],"contradiction":[66],"between":[67],"solutions":[69],"two":[72],"problems.":[73],"That":[74],"is,":[75],"mitigating":[76],"requires":[79],"select":[81],"less":[82],"but":[83],"consistent":[84,116],"gradients":[85,117,126],"while":[86],"coping":[87],"demands":[91],"more":[92],"comprehensive":[93],"gradients.":[94],"To":[95],"address":[96],"dilemma,":[98],"this":[99],"paper":[100],"proposes":[101],"two-stage":[103],"weighted":[104],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[105],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[106],"adaptive":[110],"rate":[112,121],"(WKAFL).":[113],"By":[114],"selecting":[115],"adjusting":[119],"adaptively,":[122],"WKAFL":[123,154,181],"utilizes":[124],"stale":[125],"mitigates":[128],"impact":[130,164],"data,":[133],"which":[134],"achieve":[136],"multifaceted":[137],"enhancement":[138],"training":[140,145],"speed,":[141],"prediction":[142],"accuracy":[143],"stability.":[146],"We":[147],"also":[148],"present":[149],"convergence":[151],"analysis":[152],"for":[153],"under":[155],"assumption":[157],"unbounded":[159],"understand":[162],"Experiments":[170],"implemented":[171],"on":[172],"both":[173],"benchmark":[174],"synthetic":[176],"datasets":[178],"show":[179],"has":[182],"better":[183],"overall":[184],"performance":[185],"compared":[186],"existing":[188],"algorithms.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}