{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217672841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3131659","title":"A GPU-Oriented Application Programming Interface for Digital Audio Workstations","display_name":"A GPU-Oriented Application Programming Interface for Digital Audio Workstations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217672841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3131659","mag":"3217672841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2021.3131659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3131659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102913641","display_name":"Daniele Bianchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-3805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016525014","display_name":"Federico Avanzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Avanzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067733376","display_name":"Adriano Barat\u00e8","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-8373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriano Barate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039972328","display_name":"Luca A. Ludovico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-2231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca A. Ludovico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-2231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088990428","display_name":"Giorgio Presti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-9915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Presti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1884,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50212512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"8","first_page":"1924","last_page":"1938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8753629922866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workstation","display_name":"Workstation","score":0.7941750288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6048963665962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.581131100654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5401550531387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-audio","display_name":"Digital audio","score":0.5276338458061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5204313397407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.4883396327495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.44770246744155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.34888148307800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.337252140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3206413686275482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.27928033471107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.27561843395233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.22452005743980408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8753629922866821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67953723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192525","display_name":"Workstation","level":2,"score":0.7941750288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6048963665962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.581131100654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5401550531387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87687168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173114","display_name":"Digital audio","level":4,"score":0.5276338458061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5204313397407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.4883396327495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.44770246744155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.34888148307800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.337252140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3206413686275482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.27928033471107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.27561843395233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.22452005743980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2021.3131659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3131659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143467054","https://openalex.org/W1482796577","https://openalex.org/W1500235486","https://openalex.org/W1544946100","https://openalex.org/W1550092047","https://openalex.org/W1569547565","https://openalex.org/W1571903748","https://openalex.org/W1864199185","https://openalex.org/W1968723134","https://openalex.org/W1982715332","https://openalex.org/W1984222112","https://openalex.org/W2000335122","https://openalex.org/W2001902618","https://openalex.org/W2040897684","https://openalex.org/W2047628218","https://openalex.org/W2050883661","https://openalex.org/W2051574196","https://openalex.org/W2069910237","https://openalex.org/W2074471270","https://openalex.org/W2096070062","https://openalex.org/W2096077954","https://openalex.org/W2122407821","https://openalex.org/W2142199014","https://openalex.org/W2159481344","https://openalex.org/W2242045738","https://openalex.org/W2278053572","https://openalex.org/W2290161249","https://openalex.org/W2507109542","https://openalex.org/W2548963115","https://openalex.org/W2579272291","https://openalex.org/W2747976101","https://openalex.org/W2898268964","https://openalex.org/W2911715097","https://openalex.org/W3095659245","https://openalex.org/W3104196160","https://openalex.org/W3138798301","https://openalex.org/W6605712848","https://openalex.org/W6628621190","https://openalex.org/W6630073523","https://openalex.org/W6632738504","https://openalex.org/W6633231561","https://openalex.org/W6694882621","https://openalex.org/W6729369475","https://openalex.org/W6731795510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287378204","https://openalex.org/W2981957539","https://openalex.org/W47352601","https://openalex.org/W2545422590","https://openalex.org/W4240705470","https://openalex.org/W2945311252","https://openalex.org/W631546281","https://openalex.org/W4213354039","https://openalex.org/W2738355619","https://openalex.org/W2047902375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,33],"Digital":[1],"Audio":[2],"Workstation":[3],"(DAW)":[4],"is":[5,39,45],"a":[6,36,53,74,93,136,149,151,157],"hardware":[7],"and/or":[8],"software":[9,105],"device":[10],"aiming":[11],"to":[12,71,143,155,160],"ease":[13],"those":[14],"operations":[15],"required":[16],"for":[17],"music":[18],"production,":[19],"such":[20,73,171],"as":[21,172],"arranging,":[22],"recording,":[23],"editing,":[24],"mixing,":[25],"and,":[26],"more":[27],"in":[28,56,92,141,165,184],"general,":[29],"modifying":[30],"sounds":[31],"creatively.":[32],"peculiarity":[34],"of":[35,42,52,60,135,138,163,168,175],"DAW":[37,54,84],"environment":[38],"that":[40,81],"most":[41],"the":[43,49,57,83,87,102,133,145,161,166,173],"work":[44,128],"highly":[46],"parallelizable,":[47],"since":[48],"basic":[50],"architecture":[51],"consists":[55],"simultaneous":[58],"processing":[59],"different":[61],"audio":[62,104,169,176],"tracks,":[63],"mainly":[64],"independent":[65],"from":[66],"each":[67],"other.":[68],"In":[69],"order":[70,142],"exploit":[72],"feature,":[75],"this":[76],"paper":[77],"proposes":[78],"an":[79],"interface":[80],"lets":[82],"interact":[85],"with":[86],"Graphics":[88],"Processing":[89],"Unit":[90],"(GPU)":[91],"standardized":[94],"way.":[95],"Despite":[96],"some":[97],"academic":[98],"research":[99],"and":[100,131,180,187],"experimentation,":[101],"professional":[103],"industry":[106],"almost":[107],"never":[108],"exploited":[109],"GPUs":[110],"when":[111,117],"implementing":[112],"entire":[113],"DAWs,":[114],"but":[115],"only":[116],"realising":[118],"very":[119],"specific":[120],"tools":[121],"or":[122],"third":[123],"party":[124],"extensions":[125],"(plugins).":[126],"This":[127],"also":[129],"presents":[130],"discusses":[132],"outcomes":[134],"number":[137],"tests":[139],"conducted":[140],"choose":[144],"optimal":[146],"architecture.":[147],"As":[148],"result,":[150],"GPU-based":[152],"approach":[153],"turned":[154],"be":[156],"valid":[158],"alternative":[159],"use":[162],"CPUs":[164],"computation":[167],"effects,":[170],"rendering":[174],"tracks":[177],"after":[178],"mixing":[179],"mastering":[181],"operations,":[182],"both":[183],"real":[185],"time":[186],"offline.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}