{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193859704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3100298","title":"Energy-Efficient Offloading for DNN-Based Smart IoT Systems in Cloud-Edge Environments","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Offloading for DNN-Based Smart IoT Systems in Cloud-Edge Environments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193859704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3100298","mag":"3193859704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2021.3100298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3100298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/127158/1/Energy-Efficient%20Offloading.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371774","display_name":"Xing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142126","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03jan5912","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034695215","display_name":"Jianshan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-1328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142126","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03jan5912","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianshan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083015892","display_name":"Bing Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127899","display_name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02sdafq46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156302","display_name":"Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05jxgts87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156302"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004385468","display_name":"Zheyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048602679","display_name":"Katinka Wolter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-0869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katinka Wolter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770003","display_name":"Geyong Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-7314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100371774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126","https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.8935,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":224,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99835506,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"683","last_page":"697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.8803703784942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8790094256401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.761734664440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6420316696166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6369900107383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6190134286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5155479907989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4441901445388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.42028889060020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41301238536834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.31966763734817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12235862016677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1037379801273346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.8803703784942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8790094256401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.761734664440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6420316696166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6369900107383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6190134286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5155479907989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4441901445388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.42028889060020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41301238536834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31966763734817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12235862016677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1037379801273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2021.3100298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3100298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/127158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/127158","pdf_url":"https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/127158/1/Energy-Efficient%20Offloading.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29782292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/127158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/127158","pdf_url":"https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/127158/1/Energy-Efficient%20Offloading.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3427326469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JT180098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3448430387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4678023840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020J06014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6506972258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019J01286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7219103738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019J01286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193859704.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193859704.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976905670","https://openalex.org/W1990313671","https://openalex.org/W2012423440","https://openalex.org/W2088723799","https://openalex.org/W2149294210","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2316673681","https://openalex.org/W2331959320","https://openalex.org/W2343550300","https://openalex.org/W2374305858","https://openalex.org/W2378934329","https://openalex.org/W2520511335","https://openalex.org/W2605258629","https://openalex.org/W2737896932","https://openalex.org/W2767650207","https://openalex.org/W2768646057","https://openalex.org/W2786070938","https://openalex.org/W2791432311","https://openalex.org/W2802445149","https://openalex.org/W2808052525","https://openalex.org/W2896026570","https://openalex.org/W2907609579","https://openalex.org/W2909046140","https://openalex.org/W2918728295","https://openalex.org/W2920031528","https://openalex.org/W2942889782","https://openalex.org/W2949061107","https://openalex.org/W2962883027","https://openalex.org/W2964115256","https://openalex.org/W2979596121","https://openalex.org/W2985563585","https://openalex.org/W2997558642","https://openalex.org/W3006436102","https://openalex.org/W3047565185","https://openalex.org/W3048697798","https://openalex.org/W3168905915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4297093186","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W4386736648","https://openalex.org/W3200145713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"become":[5],"an":[6,76],"essential":[7],"and":[8,99,111,113,159],"important":[9],"supporting":[10],"technology":[11,50],"for":[12,61,146],"smart":[13,64],"Internet-of-Things":[14],"(IoT)":[15],"systems.":[16],"Due":[17],"to":[18,30,42,55,179],"the":[19,43,47,71,96,109,131,156,161,170],"high":[20],"computational":[21],"costs":[22],"of":[23,103,164],"large-scale":[24],"DNNs,":[25],"it":[26],"might":[27],"be":[28],"infeasible":[29],"directly":[31],"deploy":[32],"them":[33],"in":[34,70],"energy-constrained":[35],"IoT":[36,65,114],"devices.":[37,115],"Through":[38],"offloading":[39,49,60,120,144],"computation-intensive":[40],"tasks":[41],"cloud":[44,110],"or":[45],"edges,":[46],"computation":[48],"offers":[51],"a":[52,86,117,124],"feasible":[53],"solution":[54],"execute":[56],"DNNs.":[57],"However,":[58],"energy-efficient":[59,119],"DNN":[62,147],"based":[63,122],"systems":[66],"with":[67,149],"deadline":[68],"constraints":[69],"cloud-edge":[72],"environments":[73],"is":[74,136],"still":[75],"open":[77],"challenge.":[78],"To":[79],"address":[80],"this":[81],"challenge,":[82],"we":[83],"first":[84],"design":[85],"new":[87,139],"system":[88],"energy":[89,101,176],"consumption":[90,102,177],"model,":[91],"which":[92,153],"takes":[93],"into":[94],"account":[95],"runtime,":[97],"switching,":[98],"computing":[100],"all":[104],"participating":[105],"servers":[106],"(from":[107],"both":[108],"edge)":[112],"Next,":[116],"novel":[118],"strategy":[121,140,172],"on":[123],"Self-adaptive":[125],"Particle":[126],"Swarm":[127],"Optimization":[128],"algorithm":[129],"using":[130],"Genetic":[132],"Algorithm":[133],"operators":[134],"(SPSO-GA)":[135],"proposed.":[137],"This":[138],"can":[141,154,173],"efficiently":[142],"make":[143],"decisions":[145],"layers":[148],"layer":[150],"partition":[151],"operations,":[152],"lessen":[155],"encoding":[157],"dimension":[158],"improve":[160],"execution":[162],"time":[163],"SPSO-GA.":[165],"Simulation":[166],"results":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"that":[169],"proposed":[171],"significantly":[174],"reduce":[175],"compared":[178],"other":[180],"classic":[181],"methods.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}