{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990072711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2955935","title":"Online Placement and Scaling of Geo-Distributed Machine Learning Jobs via Volume-Discounting Brokerage","display_name":"Online Placement and Scaling of Geo-Distributed Machine Learning Jobs via Volume-Discounting Brokerage","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990072711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2955935","mag":"2990072711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2019.2955935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2955935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371878","display_name":"Xiaotong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-5743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024396134","display_name":"Ruiting Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9681-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053369746","display_name":"Lei Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA","Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012597518","display_name":"Chuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001217194","display_name":"Yuhang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6656-1708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066247159","display_name":"Zongpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-2075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100371878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70137182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"948","last_page":"966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8386805057525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7858256697654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6840750575065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-algorithm","display_name":"Online algorithm","score":0.6085063219070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rounding","display_name":"Rounding","score":0.5861430168151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.5732993483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.572231650352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-analysis","display_name":"Competitive analysis","score":0.5159221887588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.4703940153121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4659237563610077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discounting","display_name":"Discounting","score":0.4108814001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2825171947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2078232765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17110514640808105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8386805057525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7858256697654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6840750575065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196921405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786431","display_name":"Online algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6085063219070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136625980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663208","display_name":"Rounding","level":2,"score":0.5861430168151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.5732993483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.572231650352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102408133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156350","display_name":"Competitive analysis","level":3,"score":0.5159221887588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4703940153121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4659237563610077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.4108814001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2825171947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2078232765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17110514640808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2019.2955935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2955935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5959613147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1230574503","https://openalex.org/W1510434324","https://openalex.org/W1530276735","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1965253814","https://openalex.org/W2016601686","https://openalex.org/W2026453648","https://openalex.org/W2060393849","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2129542763","https://openalex.org/W2130867619","https://openalex.org/W2152772307","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2211149344","https://openalex.org/W2226713063","https://openalex.org/W2326433089","https://openalex.org/W2408313839","https://openalex.org/W2417036297","https://openalex.org/W2494804202","https://openalex.org/W2517850251","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2558513815","https://openalex.org/W2604783387","https://openalex.org/W2609354095","https://openalex.org/W2617411258","https://openalex.org/W2622751957","https://openalex.org/W2759431143","https://openalex.org/W2773246426","https://openalex.org/W2783354355","https://openalex.org/W2789871570","https://openalex.org/W2793925626","https://openalex.org/W2798515322","https://openalex.org/W2804682296","https://openalex.org/W2810987431","https://openalex.org/W2883910734","https://openalex.org/W2891325938","https://openalex.org/W2895891814","https://openalex.org/W2900750031","https://openalex.org/W2912138227","https://openalex.org/W2929084559","https://openalex.org/W2962684017","https://openalex.org/W2962697687","https://openalex.org/W2962788286","https://openalex.org/W2962911728","https://openalex.org/W2962966271","https://openalex.org/W2963225893","https://openalex.org/W3102385572","https://openalex.org/W3105668694","https://openalex.org/W4243320487","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W6628088091","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6665801690","https://openalex.org/W6701424422","https://openalex.org/W6736413256","https://openalex.org/W6738144653","https://openalex.org/W6746186370","https://openalex.org/W6751627690","https://openalex.org/W6756710644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3114501693","https://openalex.org/W3188094576","https://openalex.org/W4287063730","https://openalex.org/W2884611814","https://openalex.org/W4289753866","https://openalex.org/W4287062976","https://openalex.org/W3158344587","https://openalex.org/W3191289409","https://openalex.org/W3012462691","https://openalex.org/W2990072711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geo-distributed":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"often":[4,89],"uses":[5],"large":[6],"geo-dispersed":[7],"data":[8,20,116],"collections":[9],"produced":[10],"over":[11],"time":[12,174],"to":[13,21,48,52,72,187,218],"train":[14],"global":[15],"models,":[16],"without":[17],"consolidating":[18],"the":[19,26,46,53,59,74,87,99,141,144,160,177,184,188,208],"a":[22,35,164,192,199],"central":[23],"site.":[24],"In":[25],"parameter":[27,130,149],"server":[28],"architecture,":[29],"\u201cworkers\u201d":[30],"and":[31,43,55,94,125,129,143,148,181,212],"\u201cparameter":[32],"servers\u201d":[33],"for":[34,118,135,203],"geo-distributed":[36,81,111],"ML":[37,78,82,106,112],"job":[38],"should":[39],"be":[40],"strategically":[41],"deployed":[42],"adjusted":[44],"on":[45],"fly,":[47],"allow":[49],"easy":[50],"access":[51],"datasets":[54],"fast":[56],"exchange":[57],"of":[58,76,101,127,146,166,179],"model":[60],"parameters":[61],"at":[62,171],"anytime.":[63],"Despite":[64],"many":[65],"cloud":[66,91,115],"platforms":[67],"now":[68],"provide":[69],"volume":[70,119],"discounts":[71,120],"encourage":[73],"usage":[75],"their":[77],"resources,":[79],"different":[80],"jobs":[83,113,134],"that":[84,109],"run":[85],"in":[86,132,224],"clouds":[88],"rent":[90],"resources":[92],"separately":[93],"respectively,":[95],"thus":[96],"rarely":[97],"enjoying":[98],"benefit":[100],"discounts.":[102],"We":[103,197],"study":[104],"an":[105,153],"broker":[107],"service":[108],"aggregates":[110],"into":[114,163],"centers":[117],"via":[121,191],"dynamic":[122],"online":[123,155,161,205],"placement":[124,145],"scaling":[126],"workers":[128,147],"servers":[131],"individual":[133,173],"long-term":[136],"cost":[137],"minimization.":[138],"To":[139],"decide":[140],"number":[142],"servers,":[150],"we":[151],"propose":[152],"efficient":[154],"algorithm":[156,206],"which":[157],"first":[158],"decomposes":[159],"problem":[162],"series":[165],"one-shot":[167],"optimization":[168],"problems":[169],"solvable":[170],"each":[172],"slot":[175],"by":[176],"technique":[178],"regularization,":[180],"afterwards":[182],"round":[183],"fractional":[185],"decisions":[186],"integer":[189],"ones":[190],"carefully-designed":[193],"dependent":[194],"rounding":[195],"method.":[196],"prove":[198],"parameterized-constant":[200],"competitive":[201],"ratio":[202],"our":[204],"as":[207],"theoretical":[209],"performance":[210,223],"analysis,":[211],"also":[213],"conduct":[214],"extensive":[215],"simulation":[216],"studies":[217],"exhibit":[219],"its":[220],"close-to-offline-optimum":[221],"practical":[222],"realistic":[225],"settings.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
