{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916954860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2901467","title":"Performance Modeling and Workflow Scheduling of Microservice-Based Applications in Clouds","display_name":"Performance Modeling and Workflow Scheduling of Microservice-Based Applications in Clouds","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916954860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2901467","mag":"2916954860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2019.2901467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2901467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018729096","display_name":"Liang Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-4335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-4335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054307870","display_name":"Chase Q. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chase Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-1209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034130711","display_name":"Xiaoxuan Bu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxuan Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108927830","display_name":"Nana Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-4903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nana Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087359036","display_name":"Mengqing Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengqing Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.3409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":134,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99452697,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"9","first_page":"2114","last_page":"2129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8789141178131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.7809926271438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6769311428070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6536972522735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6526570320129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6476208567619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6114279627799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.47789204120635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.42635005712509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19404485821723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13307920098304749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8789141178131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.7809926271438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6769311428070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6536972522735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6526570320129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6476208567619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6114279627799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47789204120635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.42635005712509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19404485821723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13307920098304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2019.2901467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2019.2901467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5591989839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1828123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6071198272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JB171005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G89822278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61202040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532653685","https://openalex.org/W1937040957","https://openalex.org/W1979852771","https://openalex.org/W1980748441","https://openalex.org/W1985416667","https://openalex.org/W2010149990","https://openalex.org/W2024081693","https://openalex.org/W2028351695","https://openalex.org/W2030553163","https://openalex.org/W2031725441","https://openalex.org/W2052532089","https://openalex.org/W2070373866","https://openalex.org/W2071180893","https://openalex.org/W2107588378","https://openalex.org/W2108907578","https://openalex.org/W2111895701","https://openalex.org/W2116358491","https://openalex.org/W2121467483","https://openalex.org/W2144701728","https://openalex.org/W2147944916","https://openalex.org/W2149294210","https://openalex.org/W2153657167","https://openalex.org/W2163057447","https://openalex.org/W2165202235","https://openalex.org/W2165634385","https://openalex.org/W2222737249","https://openalex.org/W2298272793","https://openalex.org/W2312419550","https://openalex.org/W2316708002","https://openalex.org/W2343690045","https://openalex.org/W2363799590","https://openalex.org/W2398517065","https://openalex.org/W2410063969","https://openalex.org/W2493466415","https://openalex.org/W2503702017","https://openalex.org/W2529351870","https://openalex.org/W2556413364","https://openalex.org/W2593887026","https://openalex.org/W2606932474","https://openalex.org/W2726895690","https://openalex.org/W2740795965","https://openalex.org/W2795754049","https://openalex.org/W2799310732","https://openalex.org/W2804874586","https://openalex.org/W2805394707","https://openalex.org/W2809376319","https://openalex.org/W3003349084","https://openalex.org/W3103894276","https://openalex.org/W3134267570","https://openalex.org/W6683910082","https://openalex.org/W6684029880","https://openalex.org/W6697991544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210334847","https://openalex.org/W3181741639","https://openalex.org/W4367181468","https://openalex.org/W2767473057","https://openalex.org/W4225586032","https://openalex.org/W3003367851","https://openalex.org/W1492892507","https://openalex.org/W3119944216","https://openalex.org/W2994988622","https://openalex.org/W2888006113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microservice":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"increasingly":[3],"recognized":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,37,60,70,78,89,96,116],"promising":[7],"architectural":[8],"style":[9],"for":[10,36,66,74,84],"constructing":[11],"large-scale":[12],"cloud-based":[13],"applications":[14],"within":[15],"and":[16,43,63,94,104,109,124],"across":[17],"organizational":[18],"boundaries.":[19],"This":[20],"microservice-based":[21,75],"architecture":[22],"greatly":[23],"increases":[24],"application":[25],"scalability,":[26],"but":[27],"meanwhile":[28],"incurs":[29],"an":[30],"expensive":[31],"performance":[32,41,61,72,102,126],"overhead,":[33],"which":[34],"calls":[35],"careful":[38],"design":[39,69],"of":[40,128],"modeling":[42,62,103],"task":[44],"scheduling.":[45],"However,":[46],"these":[47],"problems":[48],"have":[49],"thus":[50],"far":[51],"remained":[52],"largely":[53],"unexplored.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"we":[58],"develop":[59],"prediction":[64,105],"method":[65,106],"independent":[67],"microservices,":[68],"three-layer":[71],"model":[73],"applications,":[76],"formulate":[77],"Microservice-based":[79],"Application":[80],"Workflow":[81],"Scheduling":[82],"problem":[83],"minimum":[85],"end-to-end":[86],"delay":[87],"under":[88],"user-specified":[90],"Budget":[91],"Constraint":[92],"(MAWS-BC),":[93],"propose":[95],"heuristic":[97],"microservice":[98,118],"scheduling":[99,131],"algorithm.":[100],"The":[101],"are":[107],"validated":[108],"justified":[110],"by":[111,135],"experimental":[112],"results":[113,138],"generated":[114],"through":[115],"well-known":[117],"benchmark":[119],"on":[120],"disparate":[121],"computing":[122],"nodes,":[123],"the":[125,129],"superiority":[127],"proposed":[130],"solution":[132],"is":[133],"illustrated":[134],"extensive":[136],"simulation":[137],"in":[139],"comparison":[140],"with":[141],"existing":[142],"algorithms.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
