{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895891814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2877359","title":"A Bi-layered Parallel Training Architecture for Large-Scale Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"A Bi-layered Parallel Training Architecture for Large-Scale Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895891814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2877359","mag":"2895891814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2018.2877359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2877359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.07742","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435599","display_name":"Jianguo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-578X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-578X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078793726","display_name":"Kenli Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY, USA","National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055197093","display_name":"Kashif Bilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-8094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102821392","display_name":"Xu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-8375"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-8375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087894632","display_name":"Keqin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-4048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY, USA","National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-4048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Supercomputing Center in Changsha, Hunan, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036357902","display_name":"Philip S. Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-5968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip S. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":185,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9892516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"965","last_page":"976"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8786293268203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6254664659500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5929868221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.568794310092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subnetwork","display_name":"Subnetwork","score":0.5335842370986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4920935034751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47478148341178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-parallelism","display_name":"Data parallelism","score":0.46723252534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.43086397647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.4256402254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4227757453918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2952340841293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.22935277223587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14603015780448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1252373456954956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8786293268203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6254664659500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5929868221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.568794310092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11414","display_name":"Subnetwork","level":2,"score":0.5335842370986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4920935034751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47478148341178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61483411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3124522","display_name":"Data parallelism","level":3,"score":0.46723252534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.43086397647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.4256402254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4227757453918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2952340841293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.22935277223587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14603015780448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1252373456954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2018.2877359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2877359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1810.07742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07742","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.07742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/13787","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/13787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1810.07742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07742","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.07742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3118254216","display_name":"III: Medium: Collaborative Research: An Extensible Heterogeneous Network Embedding Framework with Application Specific Adaptation","funder_award_id":"1763325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3449165987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T110829","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5255923062","display_name":"\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u94fe\u63a5\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7471009592","display_name":"MRI: Acquisition of SABER: Shared Analytics and Big-data Enterprise Resource","funder_award_id":"1626432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G779482199","display_name":"III: Small: Fusion of Heterogeneous Networks for Synergistic Knowledge Discovery","funder_award_id":"1526499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W274829104","https://openalex.org/W1442374986","https://openalex.org/W1978660892","https://openalex.org/W1980147176","https://openalex.org/W2009832130","https://openalex.org/W2026883296","https://openalex.org/W2043039667","https://openalex.org/W2070167224","https://openalex.org/W2085105049","https://openalex.org/W2096645269","https://openalex.org/W2102017903","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2132737349","https://openalex.org/W2135229999","https://openalex.org/W2138243089","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2162390675","https://openalex.org/W2166706236","https://openalex.org/W2168231600","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2403646140","https://openalex.org/W2488745305","https://openalex.org/W2555706138","https://openalex.org/W2766694763","https://openalex.org/W2767020884","https://openalex.org/W2950094539","https://openalex.org/W2951781666","https://openalex.org/W3004171485","https://openalex.org/W3024621361","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W6628377381","https://openalex.org/W6679393576","https://openalex.org/W6680402377","https://openalex.org/W6683722107","https://openalex.org/W6684249991","https://openalex.org/W6684859321","https://openalex.org/W6694517276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060724872","https://openalex.org/W2082094785","https://openalex.org/W2202198356","https://openalex.org/W3087203342","https://openalex.org/W2377184161","https://openalex.org/W228984114","https://openalex.org/W4226360758","https://openalex.org/W3046406417","https://openalex.org/W2985738161","https://openalex.org/W3083868165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Benefitting":[0],"from":[1],"large-scale":[2,59,133],"training":[3,8,25,36,56,83,97,134,179,198,236],"datasets":[4,135],"and":[5,38,61,92,111,118,126,138,194,208,218],"the":[6,24,54,102,141,153,157,172,178,195,212,230,235,242],"complex":[7],"network,":[9],"Convolutional":[10],"Neural":[11],"Networks":[12],"(CNNs)":[13],"are":[14,41,136,199],"widely":[15],"applied":[16],"in":[17,69,144],"various":[18],"fields":[19],"with":[20,211],"high":[21],"accuracy.":[22,243],"However,":[23],"process":[26,57,180],"of":[27,35,58,75,109,191,214,238],"CNNs":[28,60,239],"is":[29,130,169],"very":[30],"time-consuming,":[31],"where":[32,132,188],"large":[33],"amounts":[34],"samples":[37],"iterative":[39],"operations":[40],"required":[42],"to":[43,140,147],"obtain":[44],"high-quality":[45],"weight":[46,159,197],"parameters.":[47],"In":[48,101,171],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,105,175],"focus":[52],"on":[53,88,185,202],"time-consuming":[55],"propose":[62],"a":[63],"Bi-layered":[64],"Parallel":[65],"Training":[66],"(BPT-CNN)":[67],"architecture":[68],"distributed":[70,110],"computing":[71,142,149],"environments.":[72],"BPT-CNN":[73,232],"consists":[74],"two":[76],"main":[77],"components:":[78],"(a)":[79],"an":[80,94,162],"outer-layer":[81,103],"parallel":[82,96,112],"for":[84,98,181,222],"multiple":[85],"CNN":[86,183],"subnetworks":[87],"separate":[89],"data":[90,115],"subsets,":[91],"(b)":[93],"inner-layer":[95,173],"each":[99,182,186],"subnetwork.":[100],"parallelism,":[104,174],"address":[106],"critical":[107,223],"issues":[108],"computing,":[113],"including":[114],"communication,":[116],"synchronization,":[117],"workload":[119],"balance.":[120],"A":[121],"heterogeneous-aware":[122],"Incremental":[123],"Data":[124],"Partitioning":[125],"Allocation":[127],"(IDPA)":[128],"strategy":[129,168],"proposed,":[131],"partitioned":[137],"allocated":[139],"nodes":[143],"batches":[145],"according":[146],"their":[148],"power.":[150],"To":[151],"minimize":[152],"synchronization":[154],"waiting":[155,220],"during":[156],"global":[158],"update":[160],"process,":[161],"Asynchronous":[163],"Global":[164],"Weight":[165],"Update":[166],"(AGWU)":[167],"proposed.":[170],"further":[176],"accelerate":[177],"subnetwork":[184],"computer,":[187],"computation":[189],"steps":[190],"convolutional":[192],"layer":[193],"local":[196],"parallelized":[200],"based":[201],"task-parallelism.":[203],"We":[204],"introduce":[205],"task":[206],"decomposition":[207],"scheduling":[209],"strategies":[210],"objectives":[213],"thread-level":[215],"load":[216],"balancing":[217],"minimum":[219],"time":[221],"paths.":[224],"Extensive":[225],"experimental":[226],"results":[227],"indicate":[228],"that":[229],"proposed":[231],"effectively":[233],"improves":[234],"performance":[237],"while":[240],"maintaining":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}