{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887688123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2865572","title":"On the Feasibility of Inter-Domain Routing via a Small Broker Set","display_name":"On the Feasibility of Inter-Domain Routing via a Small Broker Set","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887688123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2865572","mag":"2887688123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2018.2865572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2865572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025275705","display_name":"Tingwei Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068489266","display_name":"John C. S. Lui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-0384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. S. Lui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-0384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702458","display_name":"Dong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-4024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technology Co., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technology Co., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089024033","display_name":"David S.C. Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-2445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technology Co., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technology Co., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57379741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"415","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7476063966751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6896435022354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6870132684707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","score":0.6133464574813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5787748694419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5244771838188171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5181466341018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.49837565422058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4738866686820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4483637809753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4325963258743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.40349453687667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20414939522743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.16531959176063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15736648440361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09666621685028076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7476063966751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6896435022354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6870132684707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.6133464574813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5787748694419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5244771838188171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5181466341018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49837565422058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4738866686820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4483637809753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4325963258743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.40349453687667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20414939522743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.16531959176063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15736648440361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09666621685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2018.2865572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2018.2865572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46401897","https://openalex.org/W1522559342","https://openalex.org/W1603005931","https://openalex.org/W1680189815","https://openalex.org/W1689629105","https://openalex.org/W1975617599","https://openalex.org/W1979955128","https://openalex.org/W1990815933","https://openalex.org/W1991329660","https://openalex.org/W1997783781","https://openalex.org/W2007785292","https://openalex.org/W2009424591","https://openalex.org/W2101949246","https://openalex.org/W2105195422","https://openalex.org/W2109600216","https://openalex.org/W2118136127","https://openalex.org/W2119223820","https://openalex.org/W2121773909","https://openalex.org/W2123579787","https://openalex.org/W2137560895","https://openalex.org/W2149651144","https://openalex.org/W2156403225","https://openalex.org/W2158988339","https://openalex.org/W2168339591","https://openalex.org/W2168795527","https://openalex.org/W2171897027","https://openalex.org/W2259808229","https://openalex.org/W2276615843","https://openalex.org/W2295430786","https://openalex.org/W2470938067","https://openalex.org/W2762673536","https://openalex.org/W4237055529","https://openalex.org/W4250428934","https://openalex.org/W4255179864","https://openalex.org/W4300337452","https://openalex.org/W6631304100","https://openalex.org/W6636120368","https://openalex.org/W6684954372","https://openalex.org/W6685253839","https://openalex.org/W6694994422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182380586","https://openalex.org/W2535598766","https://openalex.org/W2142405444","https://openalex.org/W1558646768","https://openalex.org/W2128816990","https://openalex.org/W2030140188","https://openalex.org/W2113230746","https://openalex.org/W2204503793","https://openalex.org/W288328875","https://openalex.org/W1534342069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34],"Internet":[1,91,222],"is":[2,37,72,170,228],"a":[3,65,69,124,154,180,242,304],"gigantic":[4],"distributed":[5],"system":[6,41],"where":[7],"the":[8,18,24,58,62,75,113,195,203,206,211,214,220,280,290],"end-to-end":[9],"(E2E)":[10],"quality-of-service":[11],"(QoS)":[12],"plays":[13],"an":[14,39,143,187,275],"important":[15],"role.":[16],"Yet":[17],"current":[19,221],"inter-domain":[20],"routing":[21],"protocol,":[22,292],"namely,":[23],"Border":[25],"Gateway":[26],"Protocol":[27],"(BGP),":[28],"cannot":[29],"provide":[30,85,136,232,274],"E2E":[31,106,119,238,265],"QoS":[32,60,234],"guarantees.":[33,107],"main":[35],"reason":[36],"that":[38,168,226,295],"autonomous":[40],"(AS)":[42],"can":[43,150,267],"only":[44,241,247],"receive":[45,268],"guarantees":[46,235],"from":[47,64],"its":[48],"first-hop":[49],"ASes":[50,147,283],"via":[51],"service":[52],"level":[53],"agreements":[54],"(SLAs).":[55],"But":[56],"beyond":[57],"first-hop,":[59],"along":[61],"path":[63,161,196],"source":[66,76],"AS":[67,71],"to":[68,84,89,100,129,135,209,231,278,299],"destination":[70],"not":[73],"within":[74],"AS's":[77],"control":[78,138],"regime.":[79],"This":[80],"makes":[81],"it":[82,169,227],"difficult":[83],"high":[86,104,117,233,269],"quality-of-experience":[87],"services":[88,121],"many":[90,95],"users":[92],"even":[93],"when":[94,191,284],"content":[96],"providers":[97],"are":[98,198,297],"willing":[99],"pay":[101],"for":[102,236],"such":[103,303],"quality":[105],"In":[108],"this":[109,176],"paper,":[110],"we":[111,166,178,224,273],"investigate":[112],"feasibility":[114],"of":[115,127,146,205,213,262,282],"providing":[116],"QoS-guaranteed":[118,270],"transit":[120],"by":[122],"utilizing":[123],"(small)":[125],"set":[126,145],"ASes/IXPs":[128,253],"serve":[130],"as":[131,148,153,255],"\u201c":[132],"<i>brokers</i>":[133],"\u201d":[134],"supervision,":[137],"and":[139,165,185,293,301],"resource":[140],"negotiation.":[141],"Finding":[142],"optimal":[144],"brokers":[149],"be":[151],"formulated":[152],"Maximum":[155],"Coverage":[156],"with":[157,240,246,289],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[158,181],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$B-$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[159],"dominating":[160],"Guarantee":[162],"(MCBG)":[163],"problem,":[164,177],"show":[167,294],"in":[171],"fact":[172],"NP-hard.":[173],"To":[174],"address":[175],"design":[179],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(\\frac{1{-}e^{-\\!1}}{2}){-}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[182],"approximation":[183,216],"algorithm":[184,190],"also":[186],"efficient":[188],"heuristic":[189],"additional":[192],"constraints":[193],"(e.g.,":[194],"length)":[197],"considered.":[199],"We":[200],"further":[201],"analyze":[202],"APX-hardness":[204],"MCBG":[207],"problem":[208],"reveal":[210],"existence":[212],"best":[215],"ratio.":[217],"Based":[218],"on":[219],"topology,":[223],"demonstrate":[225],"indeed":[229],"feasible":[230],"most":[237],"connections":[239,266],"small":[243],"broker":[244],"set:":[245],"0.19,":[248],"1.9":[249],"or":[250,259],"6.8":[251],"percent":[252,261],"serving":[254],"brokers,":[256],"53.13,":[257],"85.41":[258],"99.29":[260],"all":[263],"global":[264],"services.":[271],"Finally,":[272],"economic":[276],"model":[277],"study":[279],"behaviours":[281],"cooperating":[285],"our":[286],"brokerage":[287,305],"scheme":[288],"BGP":[291],"there":[296],"incentives":[298],"form":[300],"maintain":[302],"coalition.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
