{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2615878893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2705128","title":"Computer Generation of High Throughput and Memory Efficient Sorting Designs on FPGA","display_name":"Computer Generation of High Throughput and Memory Efficient Sorting Designs on FPGA","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2615878893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2705128","mag":"2615878893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2017.2705128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2705128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616782","display_name":"Ren Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-7630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,CA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-7630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033166029","display_name":"Viktor K. Prasanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-8589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor K. Prasanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91486403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"11","first_page":"3100","last_page":"3113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8803582191467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-network","display_name":"Sorting network","score":0.6417519450187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6286805868148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/datapath","display_name":"Datapath","score":0.598818838596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5451676845550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5033301711082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4299619793891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.4093635380268097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3642445206642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-algorithm","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","score":0.3559773564338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14651769399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10885250568389893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8803582191467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64540648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646477","display_name":"Sorting network","level":4,"score":0.6417519450187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6286805868148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633673","display_name":"Datapath","level":2,"score":0.598818838596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5451676845550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5033301711082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4299619793891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.4093635380268097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3642445206642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108094655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181593","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","level":3,"score":0.3559773564338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14651769399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10885250568389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2017.2705128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2705128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6880740414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1320211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G749098015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACI-1339756","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314786","display_name":"Xilinx","ror":"https://ror.org/01rb7bk56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621643794","https://openalex.org/W1544703684","https://openalex.org/W1655990431","https://openalex.org/W1994493549","https://openalex.org/W2030081822","https://openalex.org/W2057740006","https://openalex.org/W2064687921","https://openalex.org/W2071054511","https://openalex.org/W2072974923","https://openalex.org/W2082322254","https://openalex.org/W2096313289","https://openalex.org/W2122465342","https://openalex.org/W2125529470","https://openalex.org/W2127167431","https://openalex.org/W2131956217","https://openalex.org/W2134845208","https://openalex.org/W2136244225","https://openalex.org/W2141389982","https://openalex.org/W2143909327","https://openalex.org/W2161830806","https://openalex.org/W2165011274","https://openalex.org/W2165527278","https://openalex.org/W2169957916","https://openalex.org/W2472334012","https://openalex.org/W2508516675","https://openalex.org/W3145158195","https://openalex.org/W6658096461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369900172","https://openalex.org/W3003769066","https://openalex.org/W4246071077","https://openalex.org/W4242674639","https://openalex.org/W4233466465","https://openalex.org/W2091521529","https://openalex.org/W1481731330","https://openalex.org/W2155119349","https://openalex.org/W2107484513","https://openalex.org/W1984105986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accelerating":[0],"sorting":[1,25,56,66,98,123,145],"using":[2,142],"dedicated":[3],"hardware":[4,32,92,112,131,226],"to":[5,35,94,202,230,239],"fully":[6],"utilize":[7],"the":[8,20,65,77,83,111,116,119,168,198,203,210,214,220,247],"memory":[9,194,207,243],"bandwidth":[10],"for":[11,52,86,122],"Big":[12],"Data":[13],"applications":[14],"has":[15],"gained":[16],"much":[17],"interest":[18],"in":[19,31,64,128,234],"research":[21],"community.":[22],"Recently,":[23],"parallel":[24],"networks":[26,57],"have":[27],"been":[28],"widely":[29],"employed":[30],"implementations":[33],"due":[34],"their":[36],"high":[37,129,149,169],"data":[38,62,87,106,109,159],"parallelism":[39,160],"and":[40,108,118,124,140,152,185,212,237],"low":[41],"control":[42,120],"overhead.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,68,89],"propose":[48],"a":[49,70,91,126,148,153,158],"systematic":[50],"methodology":[51],"mapping":[53],"large-scale":[54],"bitonic":[55,97],"onto":[58],"FPGA.":[59],"To":[60],"realize":[61],"permutations":[63],"network,":[67],"develop":[69,90],"novel":[71],"RAM-based":[72],"design":[73,85,127,151,171],"by":[74,209,223],"vertically":[75],"\u201cfolding\u201d":[76],"classic":[78],"Clos":[79],"network.":[80],"By":[81],"utilizing":[82],"proposed":[84,225],"permutation,":[88],"generator":[93,113,227],"automatically":[95],"build":[96],"architectures":[99],"on":[100],"FPGAs.":[101],"For":[102],"given":[103],"input":[104],"size,":[105],"width":[107],"parallelism,":[110],"specializes":[114],"both":[115],"datapath":[117],"unit":[121],"generates":[125],"level":[130],"description":[132],"language.":[133],"We":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"trade-offs":[136],"among":[137],"throughput,":[138],"latency":[139,177],"area":[141],"two":[143],"illustrative":[144],"designs":[146,221],"including":[147],"throughput":[150,170,201],"resource":[154],"efficient":[155],"design.":[156],"With":[157],"of":[161,200,205],"p":[162,165],"(2":[163],"\u2264":[164,166],"N/2),":[167],"sorts":[172],"an":[173],"N-key":[174],"sequence":[175],"with":[176,246],"6N=p":[178],"+":[179,188],"o(N),":[180],"throughputp":[181],"results":[182,217],"per":[183],"cycle":[184],"uses":[186],"6N":[187],"o(N)":[189],"memory.":[190],"This":[191],"achieves":[192],"optimal":[193],"efficiency":[195,236,244],"(defined":[196],"as":[197],"ratio":[199],"amount":[204],"on-chip":[206],"used":[208],"design)":[211],"outperforms":[213],"state-of-the-art.":[215,248],"Experimental":[216],"show":[218],"that":[219],"obtained":[222],"our":[224],"achieve":[228],"49":[229],"112":[231],"percent":[232,241],"improvement":[233],"energy":[235],"56":[238],"430":[240],"higher":[242],"compared":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}