{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2574408190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2654243","title":"On the Implication of NTC versus Dark Silicon on Emerging Scale-Out Workloads: The Multi-Core Architecture Perspective","display_name":"On the Implication of NTC versus Dark Silicon on Emerging Scale-Out Workloads: The Multi-Core Architecture Perspective","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2574408190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2654243","mag":"2574408190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2017.2654243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2654243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378619","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-4467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016298390","display_name":"Xin Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101447392","display_name":"Weigong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weigong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321074","display_name":"Junwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-9149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Reliable Embedded System, Capital Normal University, Beijing"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Reliable Embedded System, Capital Normal University, Beijing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026823951","display_name":"Keni Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-777X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keni Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455308","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-0198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100378619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46978555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"8","first_page":"2314","last_page":"2327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7112064957618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5865936279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5784814357757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5707449316978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4859672784805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4653611481189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon","display_name":"Silicon","score":0.4408561885356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.416599839925766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-budget","display_name":"Power budget","score":0.4119880497455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38104724884033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3502633571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3302015960216522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.32480698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24843499064445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21468693017959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1600545048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1061738133430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10323843359947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.09136438369750977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7112064957618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5865936279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5784814357757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5707449316978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4859672784805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4653611481189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.4408561885356903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.416599839925766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149768029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Power budget","level":4,"score":0.4119880497455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38104724884033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3502633571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3302015960216522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32480698823928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24843499064445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21468693017959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1600545048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1061738133430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10323843359947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.09136438369750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64424096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454","display_name":"Power factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2017.2654243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2017.2654243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1678594665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3492019324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G813940287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KM201610028016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321572","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310931","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321572","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326691","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326972","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966241942","https://openalex.org/W1972573758","https://openalex.org/W1975422769","https://openalex.org/W1985918920","https://openalex.org/W1990416701","https://openalex.org/W1994052277","https://openalex.org/W1998525920","https://openalex.org/W2003313945","https://openalex.org/W2006312753","https://openalex.org/W2020875745","https://openalex.org/W2027189346","https://openalex.org/W2049334739","https://openalex.org/W2051846227","https://openalex.org/W2065439108","https://openalex.org/W2080418535","https://openalex.org/W2081624924","https://openalex.org/W2085503707","https://openalex.org/W2086036443","https://openalex.org/W2096864363","https://openalex.org/W2104651846","https://openalex.org/W2120635877","https://openalex.org/W2121788702","https://openalex.org/W2134119442","https://openalex.org/W2134682810","https://openalex.org/W2135232880","https://openalex.org/W2141181087","https://openalex.org/W2150283124","https://openalex.org/W2153014736","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2327091000","https://openalex.org/W3004531124","https://openalex.org/W3145845767","https://openalex.org/W4232680992","https://openalex.org/W4249317113","https://openalex.org/W6651700774","https://openalex.org/W6656981708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2038503502","https://openalex.org/W3140218589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"end":[1],"of":[2,13,91,122,217],"Dennard's":[3],"scaling":[4],"poses":[5],"computer":[6],"systems,":[7],"especially":[8],"the":[9,24,37,58,83,120,145,167,182,215],"datacenters,":[10],"in":[11,36,43,57,119],"front":[12],"both":[14],"power":[15,25,68,146],"and":[16,26,61,69,117,166,187],"utilization":[17,27],"walls.":[18],"One":[19],"possible":[20],"solution":[21,48],"to":[22,143],"combat":[23],"walls":[28],"is":[29,49,138],"dark":[30,100,153,221],"silicon":[31,101,124,222],"where":[32],"transistors":[33,56],"are":[34],"under-utilized":[35],"chip,":[38],"but":[39],"this":[40,107],"will":[41,211],"result":[42],"a":[44,77,199],"diminishing":[45],"performance.":[46,70],"Another":[47],"Near-Threshold":[50],"Voltage":[51],"Computing":[52],"(NTC)":[53],"which":[54],"operates":[55],"near-threshold":[59],"region":[60],"provides":[62],"much":[63],"more":[64],"flexible":[65],"tradeoffs":[66],"between":[67],"However,":[71],"prior":[72],"efforts":[73],"largely":[74],"focus":[75],"on":[76,82,131],"specific":[78],"design":[79,97,201,216],"option":[80],"based":[81],"legacy":[84],"desktop":[85],"applications,":[86],"therefore,":[87],"lacking":[88],"comprehensive":[89],"analysis":[90],"emerging":[92,128],"scale-out":[93,129,149,204],"applications":[94,150],"with":[95,152],"multiple":[96],"options":[98],"when":[99],"and/or":[102,223],"NTC":[103,137],"are/is":[104],"applied.":[105],"In":[106],"paper,":[108],"we":[109,176],"characterize":[110],"different":[111],"perspectives":[112],"including":[113],"performance,":[114],"energy":[115,161,188],"efficiency":[116,162,189],"reliability":[118,168],"context":[121],"NTC/dark":[123],"cloud":[125,218],"processors":[126,219],"running":[127],"workloads":[130],"various":[132],"architecture":[133,180,195],"designs.":[134],"We":[135,206],"find":[136],"generally":[139],"an":[140],"effective":[141],"way":[142],"alleviate":[144],"challenge":[147],"over":[148,193],"compared":[151],"silicon,":[154],"it":[155,198],"can":[156,170],"improve":[157],"performance":[158,183],"by":[159,163,173,184,190],"1.6X,":[160],"50":[164],"percent":[165,186,192],"problem":[169],"be":[171],"relieved":[172],"ECC.":[174],"Meanwhile,":[175],"also":[177],"observe":[178],"tiled-OoO":[179],"improves":[181],"20~370":[185],"40~600":[191],"alternative":[194],"designs,":[196],"making":[197],"preferable":[200],"paradigm":[202],"for":[203,214],"workloads.":[205],"believe":[207],"that":[208],"our":[209],"observations":[210],"provide":[212],"insights":[213],"under":[220],"NTC.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}