{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2289568068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2015.2444402","title":"Two-Phase Low-Energy N-Modular Redundancy for Hard Real-Time Multi-Core Systems","display_name":"Two-Phase Low-Energy N-Modular Redundancy for Hard Real-Time Multi-Core Systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2289568068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2015.2444402","mag":"2289568068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2015.2444402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2015.2444402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102772504","display_name":"M T Zahraei Salehi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Salehi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005928293","display_name":"Alireza Ejlali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Ejlali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012783672","display_name":"Bashir M. Al\u2010Hashimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-1328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashir M. Al-Hashimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102772504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91501094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"1497","last_page":"1510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7632646560668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6349324584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6152567267417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5762322545051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5558383464813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4778280258178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.4623846113681793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4441913366317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.39947962760925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37398481369018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36592897772789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32733771204948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1644560694694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08814671635627747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7632646560668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6349324584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6152567267417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5762322545051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5558383464813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4778280258178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.4623846113681793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4441913366317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.39947962760925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37398481369018555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36592897772789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32733771204948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1644560694694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08814671635627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2015.2444402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2015.2444402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:377815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5251051445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G930827","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321157","funder_display_name":"Sharif University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7639885267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K034448/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8101247924","display_name":"PRiME: Power-efficient, Reliable, Many-core Embedded systems","funder_award_id":"EP/K034448/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321157","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141121412","https://openalex.org/W1500893261","https://openalex.org/W1670369273","https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W1821730155","https://openalex.org/W1977707117","https://openalex.org/W1990185544","https://openalex.org/W1992285780","https://openalex.org/W1992677310","https://openalex.org/W1995500555","https://openalex.org/W2012290365","https://openalex.org/W2022939529","https://openalex.org/W2032906275","https://openalex.org/W2034919502","https://openalex.org/W2035012187","https://openalex.org/W2035195286","https://openalex.org/W2060663790","https://openalex.org/W2064280789","https://openalex.org/W2064285396","https://openalex.org/W2086069480","https://openalex.org/W2090478397","https://openalex.org/W2092333800","https://openalex.org/W2105821128","https://openalex.org/W2107076110","https://openalex.org/W2124164997","https://openalex.org/W2124486386","https://openalex.org/W2128757673","https://openalex.org/W2132362854","https://openalex.org/W2133079932","https://openalex.org/W2142386205","https://openalex.org/W2149294210","https://openalex.org/W2154238770","https://openalex.org/W2161781624","https://openalex.org/W2165646063","https://openalex.org/W2165777512","https://openalex.org/W2169596872","https://openalex.org/W2171717586","https://openalex.org/W3149940895","https://openalex.org/W3151356109","https://openalex.org/W4230475281","https://openalex.org/W4232751114","https://openalex.org/W4232967511","https://openalex.org/W4233628565","https://openalex.org/W4239738628","https://openalex.org/W4251708180","https://openalex.org/W4255519882","https://openalex.org/W6648451859","https://openalex.org/W6659134141","https://openalex.org/W6672069221","https://openalex.org/W6675956607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153096481","https://openalex.org/W2148616436","https://openalex.org/W4306316843","https://openalex.org/W2130594209","https://openalex.org/W2527822502","https://openalex.org/W2036953450","https://openalex.org/W4300955944","https://openalex.org/W2102525122","https://openalex.org/W4225894874","https://openalex.org/W4245453130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,130,205,218],"N-modular":[4],"redundancy":[5],"(NMR)":[6],"technique":[7,132,203,235],"with":[8],"low":[9],"energy-overhead":[10],"for":[11,19,31,80,125,160,189,198],"hard":[12],"real-time":[13],"multi-core":[14,20],"systems.":[15],"NMR":[16,234],"is":[17,49,133,187,196,244],"well-suited":[18],"platforms":[21],"as":[22,251],"they":[23],"provide":[24],"multiple":[25],"processing":[26],"units":[27],"and":[28,40,70,97,182,211,217,243],"low-overhead":[29],"communication":[30],"voting.":[32,121],"However,":[33],"it":[34],"can":[35,62],"impose":[36],"considerable":[37],"energy":[38,43,161,199,241],"overhead":[39,44],"hence":[41,98,183],"its":[42,190],"must":[45,94,109],"be":[46,63,95,110],"controlled,":[47],"which":[48,186],"the":[50,59,74,92,99,106,113,179,184,193,232],"primary":[51],"consideration":[52],"of":[53,247],"this":[54,57,90,123],"paper.":[55],"For":[56],"purpose":[58],"system":[60],"operation":[61],"divided":[64],"into":[65],"two":[66,136],"phases:":[67],"indispensable":[68,75,180],"phase":[69,76,115,181,195],"on-demand":[71,114,154,194],"phase.":[72],"In":[73,122],"only":[77],"half-plus-one":[78],"copies":[79,101,108,191],"each":[81],"task":[82,151,173],"are":[83,102],"executed.":[84],"When":[85],"no":[86,175],"fault":[87],"occurs":[88],"during":[89,153,178],"phase,":[91,155],"results":[93,170,229],"identical":[96],"remaining":[100,107],"not":[103],"required.":[104],"Otherwise,":[105],"executed":[111],"in":[112,192],"to":[116,238,253],"perform":[117],"a":[118,127,172,254],"complete":[119],"majority":[120],"paper,":[124],"such":[126],"two-phase":[128],"NMR,":[129],"energy-management":[131,202],"developed":[134],"where":[135],"new":[137],"concepts":[138],"have":[139],"been":[140],"considered:":[141],"<italic":[142,163],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143,164],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i</i>":[144],")":[145,166],"Block-partitioned":[146],"scheduling":[147],"that":[148,169,208,221,231],"enables":[149],"parallel":[150],"execution":[152,177],"thereby":[156],"leaving":[157],"more":[158],"slack":[159],"saving,":[162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ii</i>":[165],"Pseudo-dynamic":[167],"slack,":[168],"when":[171],"has":[174,204],"faulty":[176],"time":[185,216],"reserved":[188],"reclaimed":[197],"saving.":[200],"The":[201],"off-line":[206],"part":[207,220],"manages":[209,223],"static":[210],"pseudo-dynamic":[212],"slacks":[213,225],"at":[214,226],"design":[215],"online":[219],"mainly":[222],"dynamic":[224],"run-time.":[227],"Experimental":[228],"show":[230],"proposed":[233],"provides":[236],"up":[237],"29":[239],"percent":[240],"saving":[242],"6":[245],"orders":[246],"magnitude":[248],"higher":[249],"reliable":[250],"compared":[252],"recent":[255],"previous":[256],"work.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
