{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092885386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2014.2307890","title":"Incorporating Energy Heterogeneity into Sensor Network Time Synchronization","display_name":"Incorporating Energy Heterogeneity into Sensor Network Time Synchronization","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092885386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2014.2307890","mag":"2092885386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2014.2307890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2014.2307890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019826563","display_name":"Zhenjiangi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjiangi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032883930","display_name":"Wenwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6494-1550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361458","display_name":"Mo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065496543","display_name":"Jingsheng Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-0925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120238","display_name":"PowerChina (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01varr368","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120238"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingsheng Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641","https://openalex.org/I4210120238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019826563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92533561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"163","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9222000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8117496371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.8020874261856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7952624559402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7501631379127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-drift","display_name":"Clock drift","score":0.6949884295463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6003547310829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5536229014396667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5196462869644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.495961993932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-time-protocol","display_name":"Network Time Protocol","score":0.4903726577758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4658406972885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46170809864997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4191572666168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3228382468223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-synchronization","display_name":"Time synchronization","score":0.3209807276725769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8117496371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.8020874261856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7952624559402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7501631379127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155837451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069144","display_name":"Clock drift","level":5,"score":0.6949884295463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6003547310829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5536229014396667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5196462869644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.495961993932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217491","display_name":"Network Time Protocol","level":3,"score":0.4903726577758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4658406972885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46170809864997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4191572666168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3228382468223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.3209807276725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2014.2307890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2014.2307890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-131882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-84919484930&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72682566","https://openalex.org/W1967446311","https://openalex.org/W1996410343","https://openalex.org/W2008902577","https://openalex.org/W2025806671","https://openalex.org/W2029630546","https://openalex.org/W2043686474","https://openalex.org/W2058533888","https://openalex.org/W2091638358","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2096582697","https://openalex.org/W2097079799","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2116379302","https://openalex.org/W2130511137","https://openalex.org/W2133276417","https://openalex.org/W2135030025","https://openalex.org/W2143229717","https://openalex.org/W2144428154","https://openalex.org/W2146316402","https://openalex.org/W2146321253","https://openalex.org/W2146971820","https://openalex.org/W2154082441","https://openalex.org/W2154364344","https://openalex.org/W2154618973","https://openalex.org/W2160343401","https://openalex.org/W2161018190","https://openalex.org/W2283715726","https://openalex.org/W2613498124","https://openalex.org/W2809963048","https://openalex.org/W6680205332","https://openalex.org/W6681833188","https://openalex.org/W6683909616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2255329889","https://openalex.org/W2143367814","https://openalex.org/W2353464721","https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W2621832050","https://openalex.org/W2352319949","https://openalex.org/W2376241016","https://openalex.org/W1983168832","https://openalex.org/W4220979895","https://openalex.org/W2388191902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"synchronization":[1,39,81,106,139],"is":[2,40,94,134],"one":[3],"of":[4,34,62,88,114,125,164],"the":[5,17,35,59,79,85,89,101,121,127,138,160],"most":[6],"fundamental":[7],"services":[8],"for":[9],"wireless":[10],"sensor":[11],"networks.":[12],"Prior":[13],"studies":[14],"have":[15],"investigated":[16],"clock":[18,54,64],"stability":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,51,96],"environmental":[22],"dynamics.":[23],"In":[24,108,123],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27],"demonstrate":[28],"by":[29,43],"experiment":[30],"that":[31,83],"in":[32,100],"spite":[33],"surrounding":[36],"environment,":[37],"time":[38,129],"unavoidably":[41],"impacted":[42],"in-network":[44],"energy":[45,90,116,150],"heterogeneity,":[46],"which":[47],"may":[48],"incur":[49],"up":[50],"30-40":[52],"ppm":[53],"uncertainty.":[55],"We":[56,152],"mathematically":[57],"analyze":[58],"root":[60],"cause":[61],"such":[63],"uncertainty":[65],"and":[66,103,118,137,148,158,162,170],"propose":[67],"a":[68,144],"protocol":[69],"called":[70],"EATS.":[71],"Sensor":[72],"nodes":[73,110,133],"with":[74,143,155],"EATS":[75,154],"can":[76,111,140],"intelligently":[77],"select":[78],"best":[80],"parents":[82],"minimize":[84],"negative":[86],"impact":[87],"heterogeneity.":[91],"The":[92],"selection":[93],"robust":[95],"multiple":[97],"impacting":[98],"factors":[99],"network":[102],"provides":[104],"fine-grained":[105],"accuracy.":[107],"addition,":[109],"make":[112],"use":[113],"local":[115],"information":[117],"further":[119],"calibrate":[120],"clocks.":[122],"light":[124],"this,":[126],"logic":[128],"maintained":[130],"among":[131],"different":[132],"more":[135],"consistent":[136],"be":[141],"performed":[142],"longer":[145],"re-synchronization":[146],"interval":[147],"less":[149],"consumption.":[151],"implement":[153],"TelosB":[156],"motes":[157],"evaluate":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"efficiency":[163],"our":[165],"design":[166],"through":[167],"extensive":[168],"experiments":[169],"simulations.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}