{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171821354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2002.1036066","title":"Data gathering algorithms in sensor networks using energy metrics","display_name":"Data gathering algorithms in sensor networks using energy metrics","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171821354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2002.1036066","mag":"2171821354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2002.1036066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2002.1036066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073078575","display_name":"S. Lindsey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Lindsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112293594","display_name":"C.S. Raghavendra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169540460","display_name":"The Aerospace Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar9e455","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Raghavendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Systems Research Department, Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Systems Research Department, Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087560555","display_name":"Krishna M. Sivalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-3432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.M. Sivalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.8899,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1162,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99507042,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"924","last_page":"935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8144704103469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5885995626449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5681027173995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5529680848121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5495140552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5451256036758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4896998703479767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.48239409923553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4543120861053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.44520726799964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37314388155937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0954613983631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08594855666160583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8144704103469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5885995626449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5681027173995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5529680848121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5495140552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5451256036758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4896998703479767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48239409923553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4543120861053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.44520726799964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37314388155937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0954613983631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08594855666160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2002.1036066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2002.1036066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.117.8734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.117.8734","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~younis/Sensor_Networks/Reading_Assignments/12.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538844189","https://openalex.org/W1545360592","https://openalex.org/W1572652335","https://openalex.org/W1577737376","https://openalex.org/W1580470309","https://openalex.org/W1601835124","https://openalex.org/W1846355445","https://openalex.org/W1901067905","https://openalex.org/W1937873146","https://openalex.org/W1965703925","https://openalex.org/W1987601362","https://openalex.org/W2005303050","https://openalex.org/W2011662871","https://openalex.org/W2017333190","https://openalex.org/W2045028348","https://openalex.org/W2091936226","https://openalex.org/W2103955286","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2112577636","https://openalex.org/W2124035649","https://openalex.org/W2127748200","https://openalex.org/W2130166520","https://openalex.org/W2132577679","https://openalex.org/W2133635260","https://openalex.org/W2142928312","https://openalex.org/W2144581006","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2479525416","https://openalex.org/W2789723652","https://openalex.org/W4236584668","https://openalex.org/W4238014321","https://openalex.org/W6678894333"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2500106866","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2890570089","https://openalex.org/W2073793005","https://openalex.org/W2952407405","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W145760256","https://openalex.org/W4210343411","https://openalex.org/W2185314374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gathering":[0],"sensed":[1,127],"information":[2,61],"in":[3,59,111,125],"an":[4,31,52],"energy":[5,95,134,147,164,187],"efficient":[6],"manner":[7],"is":[8,30,64,117],"critical":[9],"to":[10,38,43,86,113,120,144,162,186],"operating":[11],"the":[12,44,87,92,122,133,146,176,210,216],"sensor":[13,60,155,172],"network":[14,196],"for":[15,151,194],"a":[16,65,79],"long":[17],"period":[18],"of":[19,94,178],"time.":[20],"The":[21],"LEACH":[22,217],"protocol":[23,68],"presented":[24],"by":[25],"Heinzelman":[26],"et":[27],"al.":[28],"(2000)":[29],"elegant":[32],"solution":[33],"where":[34],"clusters":[35],"are":[36],"formed":[37],"fuse":[39],"data":[40,152],"before":[41],"transmitting":[42,85],"base":[45,88],"station.":[46],"In":[47,72],"this":[48,131],"paper,":[49],"we":[50],"present":[51,140,158],"improved":[53],"scheme,":[54],"called":[55],"PEGASIS":[56,103],"(power-efficient":[57],"gathering":[58,126,153],"systems),":[62],"which":[63],"near-optimal":[66],"chain-based":[67],"that":[69,102,142,200],"minimizes":[70],"energy.":[71],"PEGASIS,":[73],"each":[74],"node":[75],"communicates":[76],"only":[77],"with":[78,132,184],"close":[80],"neighbor":[81],"and":[82,139,148,170,181,213],"takes":[83],"turns":[84],"station,":[89],"thus":[90],"reducing":[91],"amount":[93],"spent":[96],"per":[97],"round.":[98],"Simulation":[99],"results":[100],"show":[101,199],"performs":[104],"better":[105,208],"than":[106,209],"LEACH.":[107],"For":[108],"many":[109],"applications,":[110],"addition":[112],"minimizing":[114],"energy,":[115],"it":[116],"also":[118,214],"important":[119],"consider":[121],"delay":[123,137,149,167,190],"incurred":[124],"data.":[128],"We":[129,157,174],"capture":[130],"/spl":[135,165,188],"times/":[136,166,189],"metric":[138],"schemes":[141,161,183,202],"attempt":[143],"balance":[145],"cost":[150],"from":[154],"networks.":[156],"two":[159],"new":[160],"minimize":[163],"using":[168,191],"CDMA":[169],"non-CDMA":[171],"nodes.":[173],"compared":[175],"performance":[177],"direct,":[179],"LEACH,":[180],"our":[182,201],"respect":[185],"extensive":[192],"simulations":[193],"different":[195],"sizes.":[197],"Results":[198],"perform":[203],"80":[204],"or":[205],"more":[206],"times":[207],"direct":[211],"scheme":[212],"outperform":[215],"protocol.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":72}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
