{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162118158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpcg.2004.1314447","title":"Data visualization within urban models","display_name":"Data visualization within urban models","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162118158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpcg.2004.1314447","mag":"2162118158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpcg.2004.1314447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpcg.2004.1314447","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1436762/2/2004citymodels.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071447827","display_name":"Anthony Steed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Steed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113304060","display_name":"Sebastiano Spinello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142254","display_name":"Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/03adqg323","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210142254","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Spinello","raw_affiliation_strings":["LaBRI Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux 1, France","LaBRI, Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LaBRI Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142254","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LaBRI, Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142254","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032625096","display_name":"Ben Croxford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-4168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Croxford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bartlett School of Architecture, University College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bartlett School of Architecture, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113361669","display_name":"Roy Zwalatha MILTON","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Milton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071447827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93292162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7406952381134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7169375419616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-city-models","display_name":"3D city models","score":0.6027995944023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.6027708053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.5375781655311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.5075094103813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.4688977301120758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4299161732196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-photography","display_name":"Aerial photography","score":0.41590720415115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.40595483779907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.1804763674736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1706852912902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.15299531817436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.11250290274620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10927170515060425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7406952381134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7169375419616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172169","display_name":"3D city models","level":3,"score":0.6027995944023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.6027708053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.5375781655311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.5075094103813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.4688977301120758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4299161732196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133214962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial photography","level":2,"score":0.41590720415115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40595483779907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.1804763674736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1706852912902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.15299531817436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.11250290274620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10927170515060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpcg.2004.1314447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpcg.2004.1314447","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1436762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1436762/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1436762/2/2004citymodels.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:  Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, 2004. Proceedings.  (pp. 9- 16).  IEEE (2004)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.107.166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.107.166","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.equator.ac.uk/var/uploads/A.Steed&S.Spinello2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.134.7100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.134.7100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/9190/29141/01314447.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:2509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/2509/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:    (pp. pp. 9-16).   (2004)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:42436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/42436/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"    In:  UNSPECIFIED (9 - 16).   IEEE COMPUTER SOC (2004)     ","raw_type":"Book chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1436762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1436762/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1436762/2/2004citymodels.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:  Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics, 2004. Proceedings.  (pp. 9- 16).  IEEE (2004)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162118158.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2162118158.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13700871","https://openalex.org/W1986149296","https://openalex.org/W1996359730","https://openalex.org/W2013673529","https://openalex.org/W2104985395","https://openalex.org/W2116789748","https://openalex.org/W2130505170","https://openalex.org/W2147169375","https://openalex.org/W2154945105","https://openalex.org/W6600538346","https://openalex.org/W6682818239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611300873","https://openalex.org/W2552247882","https://openalex.org/W2057331878","https://openalex.org/W619924282","https://openalex.org/W2732452662","https://openalex.org/W2032969759","https://openalex.org/W3081948806","https://openalex.org/W2147224006","https://openalex.org/W4387885925","https://openalex.org/W3175352000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Models":[0],"of":[1,11,20,34,50,70,73],"urban":[2],"environments":[3],"have":[4,66],"many":[5],"uses":[6,104],"for":[7,42,93],"town":[8],"planning,":[9],"previsualization":[10],"new":[12],"building":[13,74],"work":[14],"and":[15,25,60],"utility":[16],"service":[17],"planning.":[18],"Many":[19],"these":[21,105],"models":[22,46,75,89,106],"are":[23,91],"three-dimensional,":[24],"increasingly":[26],"there":[27,65],"is":[28],"a":[29,48,83,99],"move":[30],"towards":[31],"real-time":[32,94],"presentation":[33],"such":[35],"large":[36],"models.":[37],"We":[38,96],"present":[39,82],"an":[40],"algorithm":[41],"generating":[43],"consistent":[44],"3D":[45],"from":[47,76],"combination":[49],"data":[51],"sources,":[52],"including":[53],"Ordnance":[54],"Survey":[55],"ground":[56],"plans,":[57],"aerial":[58],"photography":[59],"laser":[61],"height":[62],"data.":[63],"Although":[64],"been":[67],"several":[68],"demonstrations":[69],"automatic":[71],"generation":[72],"2D":[77],"vector":[78],"map":[79],"data,":[80],"we":[81],"very":[84],"robust":[85],"solution":[86],"that":[87,90,103],"generates":[88],"suitable":[92],"presentation.":[95],"then":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"novel":[100],"pollution":[101],"visualization":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}