{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210540566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3138008","title":"Toward Data Justice: Understanding Police Shooting Data Systems and Narratives","display_name":"Toward Data Justice: Understanding Police Shooting Data Systems and Narratives","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210540566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3138008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpc.2021.3138008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3138008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90277605","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","issn_l":"0361-1434","issn":["0361-1434","1558-1500"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035231244","display_name":"R Atherton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4407-4269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Atherton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4407-4269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035231244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77606698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"1","first_page":"118","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetorical-question","display_name":"Rhetorical question","score":0.7214365005493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scholarship","display_name":"Scholarship","score":0.6277363896369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.582403838634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.534668505191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48589271306991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"Criminal justice","score":0.444845974445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3685562014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.3502577543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3160731792449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.26255425810813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15322181582450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13614192605018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.1175401508808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1033562421798706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.7214365005493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.6277363896369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.582403838634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.534668505191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48589271306991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.444845974445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3685562014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3502577543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3160731792449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.26255425810813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15322181582450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13614192605018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.1175401508808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1033562421798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpc.2021.3138008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3138008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90277605","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","issn_l":"0361-1434","issn":["0361-1434","1558-1500"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491173531","https://openalex.org/W1500693574","https://openalex.org/W1963821973","https://openalex.org/W2028843083","https://openalex.org/W2076258617","https://openalex.org/W2163164578","https://openalex.org/W2342298884","https://openalex.org/W2411084698","https://openalex.org/W2489556076","https://openalex.org/W2511657239","https://openalex.org/W2529251251","https://openalex.org/W2590124083","https://openalex.org/W2592210876","https://openalex.org/W2593883719","https://openalex.org/W2601921363","https://openalex.org/W2734742760","https://openalex.org/W2748155493","https://openalex.org/W2794507320","https://openalex.org/W2897702578","https://openalex.org/W2898970033","https://openalex.org/W2901761125","https://openalex.org/W2904166765","https://openalex.org/W2904982376","https://openalex.org/W2919102742","https://openalex.org/W2959702042","https://openalex.org/W2961458920","https://openalex.org/W2976542491","https://openalex.org/W2996844929","https://openalex.org/W3023994818","https://openalex.org/W3041562292","https://openalex.org/W3085042828","https://openalex.org/W4225728155","https://openalex.org/W4236079348","https://openalex.org/W4239705602","https://openalex.org/W4244021162","https://openalex.org/W4246273598","https://openalex.org/W4298286109","https://openalex.org/W4301008122","https://openalex.org/W4381032686","https://openalex.org/W6722955604","https://openalex.org/W6749844179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355650008","https://openalex.org/W4240762098","https://openalex.org/W1548588747","https://openalex.org/W2066005781","https://openalex.org/W2383304772","https://openalex.org/W2110621609","https://openalex.org/W2594084610","https://openalex.org/W2783180618","https://openalex.org/W2104847988","https://openalex.org/W2051128500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<italic":[0,3,33,78,148,189,262],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1,4,34,79,149,190,263],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><b>Background:</b></i>":[2],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">The":[5],"Washington":[6],"Post</i>":[7],"'s":[8],"Fatal":[9,101,140,165,192,212],"Force":[10,166,187,193,240],"fatal":[11],"police":[12,29,107,206,208,228,246,260],"shooting":[13],"database":[14,167,176,241],"was":[15],"first":[16],"created":[17],"in":[18,24,181],"2015":[19],"to":[20,199,223,256],"fill":[21],"a":[22,103,146,153,252],"gap":[23],"official":[25],"data":[26,38,43,75,85,92,104,124,159,171,214,282,299],"collection":[27],"on":[28,61,270],"use":[30,108,216,229],"of":[31,74,109,139,155,186,227,230,239,248,254],"force.":[32],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><b>Literature":[35],"review:</b></i>":[36],"Critical":[37],"studies":[39,160],"scholarship":[40],"suggests":[41],"that":[42,111,201,273],"system":[44,76,105,144,287,300],"design":[45],"is":[46,194],"rhetorical":[47,70],"and":[48,71,88,96,117,131,137,157,168,210,221,232,251,293],"communicates":[49],"cultural":[50,72],"values,":[51],"not":[52],"just":[53,297],"numerical":[54],"data.":[55],"Narrative":[56],"research":[57],"methods,":[58,161],"which":[59,276],"focus":[60],"thick,":[62],"rich":[63],"contextual":[64],"data,":[65],"could":[66],"help":[67],"address":[68],"the":[69,134,143,164,182,225,271,281,286,298],"dimensions":[73],"design.":[77],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><b>Research":[80],"questions:</b></i>":[81],"1.":[82],"How":[83,99,121],"do":[84],"collection,":[86],"aggregation,":[87],"curation":[89],"practices":[90],"influence":[91,142,277],"stories":[93,215],"about":[94,106,205,259],"crime":[95],"violence?":[97],"2.":[98],"does":[100,122],"Force,":[102],"force":[110,231],"originated":[112],"outside":[113],"law":[114],"enforcement,":[115],"prioritize":[116],"organize":[118],"information?":[119],"3.":[120],"designing":[123],"systems":[125,266],"with":[126,177,196],"explicit,":[127],"highly":[128],"specific":[129],"goals":[130],"aims":[132],"(like":[133],"inclusion":[135],"criteria":[136],"purpose":[138],"Force)":[141],"as":[145],"whole?":[147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><b>Methodology:</b></i>":[150],"Using":[151],"\u201cunblackboxing,\u201d":[152],"combination":[154],"narrative":[156,217],"critical":[158],"I":[162,173],"analyzed":[163],"its":[169,178],"accompanying":[170],"stories.":[172],"compare":[174],"this":[175],"institutional":[179],"counterpart":[180],"FBI's":[183,237],"fledgling":[184],"Use":[185,238],"database.":[188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><b>Results:</b></i>":[191],"constructed":[195],"particular":[197],"attention":[198,255],"questions":[200],"users":[202,279],"may":[203],"have":[204],"brutality,":[207],"shootings,":[209],"race.":[211],"Force's":[213],"commonplaces":[218],"like":[219],"sociality":[220],"temporality":[222],"humanize":[224],"issue":[226],"communicate":[233],"greater":[234],"nuance.":[235],"The":[236],"shows":[242],"an":[243],"orientation":[244],"toward":[245],"perceptions":[247],"use-of-force":[249],"incidents":[250],"lack":[253],"national":[257],"conversations":[258],"brutality.":[261],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><b>Conclusions:</b></i>":[264],"Data":[265],"show":[267],"clear":[268],"perspectives":[269],"issues":[272],"they":[274],"describe,":[275],"how":[278,284,294],"encounter":[280],"system,":[283],"useful":[285],"can":[288],"be":[289],"for":[290],"various":[291],"users,":[292],"inclusive":[295],"or":[296],"is.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
