{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188930031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3091784","title":"Using Web Standards to Design Accessible Data Visualizations in Professional Communication","display_name":"Using Web Standards to Design Accessible Data Visualizations in Professional Communication","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188930031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3091784","mag":"3188930031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpc.2021.3091784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3091784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90277605","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","issn_l":"0361-1434","issn":["0361-1434","1558-1500"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027614818","display_name":"Adam Strantz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83328450","display_name":"Miami University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nbqxr67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Strantz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-5007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027614818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84123372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":"288","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9537000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9537000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7540560960769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"Web accessibility","score":0.5321556329727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.482028603553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueprint","display_name":"Blueprint","score":0.4712572395801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-standards","display_name":"Web standards","score":0.464895635843277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43916332721710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4370180666446686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-design","display_name":"Communication design","score":0.4268226623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.4202338457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.40666431188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35345304012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3426100015640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2507058382034302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7540560960769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194669863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808932","display_name":"Web accessibility","level":4,"score":0.5321556329727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.482028603553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.4712572395801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.464895635843277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43916332721710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4370180666446686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41022531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333657","display_name":"Communication design","level":2,"score":0.4268226623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.4202338457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.40666431188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35345304012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3426100015640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2507058382034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpc.2021.3091784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2021.3091784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90277605","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","issn_l":"0361-1434","issn":["0361-1434","1558-1500"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522238830","https://openalex.org/W1536396901","https://openalex.org/W1542156769","https://openalex.org/W1628755962","https://openalex.org/W2053164672","https://openalex.org/W2106814120","https://openalex.org/W2132777543","https://openalex.org/W2136620871","https://openalex.org/W2155843307","https://openalex.org/W2156960691","https://openalex.org/W2167538547","https://openalex.org/W2478374913","https://openalex.org/W2498995467","https://openalex.org/W2728856488","https://openalex.org/W2809804244","https://openalex.org/W2887090848","https://openalex.org/W2895418515","https://openalex.org/W2911561623","https://openalex.org/W2921187273","https://openalex.org/W2972917538","https://openalex.org/W3024754446","https://openalex.org/W3194629187","https://openalex.org/W4381032660","https://openalex.org/W6721346152","https://openalex.org/W6754029538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506999362","https://openalex.org/W2797395226","https://openalex.org/W2766074951","https://openalex.org/W3024743641","https://openalex.org/W2885182390","https://openalex.org/W2117998866","https://openalex.org/W2161626580","https://openalex.org/W1598466475","https://openalex.org/W2362566723","https://openalex.org/W2570674471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Data":[1,40],"visualization":[2],"is":[3,88],"a":[4,17,25,85,212],"reliable":[5],"tool":[6],"for":[7,16,49,108,144,174,198,207,214,219,259],"professional":[8,69,223],"communication":[9,70],"practitioners":[10,74],"to":[11,52,58,94,134,165,236,248,262,265],"synthesize":[12],"and":[13,37,71,119,153,172,177,203,232],"present":[14],"data":[15,22,138,217,246],"variety":[18],"of":[19,27,126,228,244],"audiences.":[20],"However,":[21],"visualizations":[23,41,218,247],"have":[24,78],"range":[26],"accessibility":[28,80,117,145,178,199],"concerns,":[29],"including":[30],"visual":[31,143,156,161,171,197],"acuity,":[32],"color/contrast":[33],"difficulties,":[34],"color":[35],"blindness,":[36],"size/scale":[38],"issues.":[39],"should":[42,104,225],"therefore":[43],"be":[44,183,226,263],"designed":[45],"following":[46],"web":[47,106,163],"standards":[48,107,164,210],"complex":[50],"images":[51],"ensure":[53],"that":[54,76,96],"they":[55,112],"are":[56],"accessible":[57,109,137,216,264],"audiences":[59,267],"with":[60,115,185,241],"diverse":[61],"needs.":[62,81,100],"Key":[63,128],"concepts:":[64],"Drawing":[65],"from":[66],"work":[67],"in":[68,123],"disability":[72],"studies,":[73],"recognize":[75],"users":[77,176],"varied":[79],"\u201cUniversal":[82],"design\u201d":[83],"as":[84,255],"guiding":[86],"principle":[87],"less":[89],"helpful":[90],"than":[91],"targeted":[92,102],"approaches":[93,103],"design":[95,110],"reflect":[97],"actual":[98],"user":[99,201],"Such":[101],"follow":[105],"because":[111],"enable":[113],"interaction":[114],"newer":[116],"technologies":[118],"put":[120],"more":[121],"control":[122],"the":[124,142,155,160,170,196,229,257],"hands":[125],"users.":[127],"lessons:":[129],"Follow":[130],"these":[131,238,260],"best":[132],"practices":[133],"create":[135,166],"visually":[136],"visualizations.":[139],"1.":[140],"Design":[141],"by":[146],"using":[147,162],"whitespace,":[148],"creating":[149],"contrast,":[150],"maintaining":[151],"size/scale,":[152],"labeling":[154],"clearly.":[157],"2.":[158],"Implement":[159],"semantic":[167,192],"connections":[168],"between":[169],"text":[173],"both":[175],"technologies.":[179],"This":[180],"goal":[181],"can":[182],"achieved":[184],"textual":[186],"description,":[187],"overview/data/presentation":[188],"context,":[189],"or":[190],"ARIA":[191],"links.":[193],"3.":[194],"Test":[195],"through":[200],"tests":[202],"industry-standard":[204],"tools.":[205],"Implications":[206],"practice:":[208],"Web":[209],"provide":[211],"blueprint":[213],"designing":[215],"online":[220],"spaces,":[221],"but":[222],"communicators":[224],"aware":[227],"coding":[230],"expertise":[231],"necessary":[233],"infrastructure":[234],"needed":[235],"deploy":[237],"visuals.":[239],"Nevertheless,":[240],"increasing":[242],"use":[243],"public-facing":[245],"convey":[249],"information":[250],"on":[251],"global":[252],"issues,":[253],"such":[254],"COVID-19,":[256],"need":[258],"visuals":[261],"all":[266],"becomes":[268],"paramount.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}