{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095771915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2020.3029674","title":"Asynchronous Collaboration: Bridging the Cognitive Distance in Global Software Development Projects","display_name":"Asynchronous Collaboration: Bridging the Cognitive Distance in Global Software Development Projects","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095771915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2020.3029674","mag":"3095771915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpc.2020.3029674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2020.3029674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90277605","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","issn_l":"0361-1434","issn":["0361-1434","1558-1500"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/59a7dd2d-20cf-4bc1-9426-f905e0d5e67a/downloads/25743","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037800748","display_name":"Raghvinder S. Sangwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-5441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raghvinder S. Sangwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University, 30 Swedesford Rd, Malvern, PA 19355"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-5441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, 30 Swedesford Rd, Malvern, PA 19355","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043343531","display_name":"Kathryn Jablokow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-0981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn W. Jablokow","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University, 30 Swedesford Rd, Malvern, PA 19355"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-0981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, 30 Swedesford Rd, Malvern, PA 19355","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063754454","display_name":"Joanna F. DeFranco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-5532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna F. DeFranco","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA","The Pennsylvania State University, 30 Swedesford Rd, Malvern, PA 19355"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-5532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, Malvern, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, 30 Swedesford Rd, Malvern, PA 19355","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037800748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2269,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.909189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"4","first_page":"361","last_page":"371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5160941481590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5129179954528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4980616569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4769234359264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.47289788722991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45207974314689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.44631725549697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2938060164451599}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5160941481590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5129179954528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4980616569519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4769234359264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.47289788722991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45207974314689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.44631725549697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2938060164451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpc.2020.3029674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpc.2020.3029674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90277605","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","issn_l":"0361-1434","issn":["0361-1434","1558-1500"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:6d970d33-e481-49a3-8698-891f4690e937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/6d970d33-e481-49a3-8698-891f4690e937","pdf_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/59a7dd2d-20cf-4bc1-9426-f905e0d5e67a/downloads/25743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:6d970d33-e481-49a3-8698-891f4690e937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/6d970d33-e481-49a3-8698-891f4690e937","pdf_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/59a7dd2d-20cf-4bc1-9426-f905e0d5e67a/downloads/25743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095771915.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095771915.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638342887","https://openalex.org/W1965183604","https://openalex.org/W1971342410","https://openalex.org/W1981381106","https://openalex.org/W1985806946","https://openalex.org/W1990675148","https://openalex.org/W1994072696","https://openalex.org/W2007329840","https://openalex.org/W2016294327","https://openalex.org/W2020293948","https://openalex.org/W2036903824","https://openalex.org/W2037106942","https://openalex.org/W2048056469","https://openalex.org/W2048923034","https://openalex.org/W2050019454","https://openalex.org/W2058389979","https://openalex.org/W2073525770","https://openalex.org/W2099234437","https://openalex.org/W2111628838","https://openalex.org/W2116676072","https://openalex.org/W2120322915","https://openalex.org/W2122593565","https://openalex.org/W2133053901","https://openalex.org/W2133531597","https://openalex.org/W2136240258","https://openalex.org/W2154774499","https://openalex.org/W2156586513","https://openalex.org/W2157686154","https://openalex.org/W2160178930","https://openalex.org/W2162544437","https://openalex.org/W2164291529","https://openalex.org/W2408836175","https://openalex.org/W2471697135","https://openalex.org/W2548939163","https://openalex.org/W2553469268","https://openalex.org/W2590535542","https://openalex.org/W2911311425","https://openalex.org/W3142116596","https://openalex.org/W3206876177","https://openalex.org/W4234772928","https://openalex.org/W4237641955","https://openalex.org/W4302122512","https://openalex.org/W6676235441","https://openalex.org/W6713750491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367372208","https://openalex.org/W2006363920","https://openalex.org/W2475836838","https://openalex.org/W3100791781","https://openalex.org/W1548344605","https://openalex.org/W2122091831","https://openalex.org/W2362260319","https://openalex.org/W1807477017","https://openalex.org/W2136415198","https://openalex.org/W4283814387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0,66],"problem:":[1],"The":[2],"role":[3],"that":[4,54,105,128,250,263,272,283],"physical,":[5],"temporal,":[6],"and":[7,138,140,160,187,219,223,259,269,280],"cultural":[8],"distances":[9,26],"play":[10],"in":[11,34,143,169,266],"global":[12,75,92,110,196],"software":[13,76,93,111,197],"development":[14,77,94,112,198],"projects":[15,113],"has":[16,149,164],"been":[17],"well":[18,253],"researched.":[19],"Culturally":[20],"diverse":[21],"teams":[22,53,78,95,108,175,193,245,262,287],"separated":[23],"by":[24,116],"physical":[25],"across":[27,285],"multiple":[28],"time":[29],"zones":[30],"face":[31],"significant":[32],"challenges":[33],"collaborating":[35,79,96],"effectively":[36],"with":[37,80,97],"each":[38,81,98],"other.":[39],"This":[40,231],"article":[41],"examines":[42],"a":[43,195,225],"fourth":[44],"dimension-cognitive":[45],"distance-that":[46],"relates":[47,129],"to":[48,63,118,130,179,208,235,288],"the":[49,89,152,155,201,212,216,239,244,248,286,291],"problem-solving":[50,170,267],"style":[51],"of":[52,91,123,154,157,172,221,241,277],"can":[55],"also":[56,247],"have":[57],"an":[58],"impact":[59,176],"on":[60,109,228],"their":[61,177],"ability":[62,178],"collaborate":[64,180],"successfully.":[65,181],"questions:":[67],"1.":[68],"Does":[69],"cognitive":[70,86,292],"distance":[71,87],"affect":[72,88],"communication":[73,189,217,242],"among":[74,107,190,243],"other?":[82,99],"2.":[83],"How":[84],"does":[85],"sentiment/emotion":[90,249],"Literature":[100],"review:":[101],"Prior":[102],"research":[103],"shows":[104],"collaboration":[106,124,126],"is":[114],"impacted":[115],"practices":[117],"manage":[119],"collaboration;":[120],"appropriate":[121],"use":[122,156],"technologies;":[125],"readiness":[127],"individual":[131],"characteristics":[132],"such":[133],"as":[134],"personality":[135],"traits,":[136],"motivation,":[137],"trust;":[139],"shared":[141,147],"understanding":[142,148],"group":[144],"problem-solving.":[145],"While":[146],"looked":[150],"at":[151],"effectiveness":[153],"common":[158],"language":[159],"knowledge":[161],"sharing,":[162],"it":[163],"not":[165,237],"examined":[166,184,205],"how":[167,252],"differences":[168,279],"styles":[171,268],"geographically":[173,191],"dispersed":[174,192],"Methodology:":[182],"We":[183],"project":[185,202,273],"artifacts":[186],"email":[188,229],"within":[194],"project.":[199],"From":[200,211],"artifacts,":[203],"we":[204,214],"tasks":[206,270],"allocated":[207],"different":[209],"teams.":[210],"emails,":[213],"established":[215],"network":[218],"volume":[220],"communication,":[222],"performed":[224],"sentiment":[226],"analysis":[227,232],"content.":[230],"allowed":[233],"us":[234],"observe":[236],"only":[238],"quality":[240],"but":[246],"reflected":[251],"they":[254],"were":[255],"working":[256],"together.":[257],"Results":[258],"discussion:":[260],"Managing":[261],"vastly":[264],"differ":[265],"requires":[271],"managers":[274],"be":[275],"aware":[276],"these":[278],"introduce":[281],"liaisons":[282],"reach":[284],"help":[289],"bridge":[290],"divide.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
