{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417447054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3680873","title":"DynaPURLS: Dynamic Refinement of Part-Aware Representations for Skeleton-Based Zero-Shot Action Recognition","display_name":"DynaPURLS: Dynamic Refinement of Part-Aware Representations for Skeleton-Based Zero-Shot Action Recognition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417447054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3680873","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41941805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2026.3680873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3680873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.11941","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingmin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1737-1575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingmin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1737-1575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104652308","display_name":"Anqi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7959-0104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-3811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-3811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4365-4165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4365-4165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101524297","display_name":"Hossein Rahmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-0371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Rahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-0371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009750573","display_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014216530","display_name":"Farid Boussa\u00efd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7250-7407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farid Boussaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7250-7407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083239184","display_name":"Qiuhong Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-3614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuhong Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-3614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92525659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"8","first_page":"9659","last_page":"9674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9190000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9190000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.037700001150369644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.4325000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6370999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22367795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625208","display_name":"Structured prediction","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2026.3680873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3680873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41941805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41941805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.11941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.11941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.11941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.11941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:236744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/236744/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.11941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.11941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.11941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.11941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zero-shot":[0],"skeleton-based":[1],"action":[2],"recognition":[3],"(ZS-SAR)":[4],"is":[5,138],"fundamentally":[6],"constrained":[7],"by":[8,97,140],"prevailing":[9],"approaches":[10],"that":[11,53,80,166],"rely":[12],"on":[13,155],"aligning":[14],"skeleton":[15,100],"features":[16,124],"with":[17],"static,":[18],"class-level":[19],"semantics.":[20],"This":[21,135],"coarse-grained":[22],"alignment":[23,106],"fails":[24],"to":[25,65,75,125],"bridge":[26],"the":[27,36,108,126],"domain":[28,110],"shift":[29],"between":[30],"seen,":[31],"unseen":[32],"classes,":[33],"thereby":[34],"impeding":[35],"effective":[37],"transfer":[38],"of":[39],"fine-grained":[40,94,105],"visual":[41,95,128],"knowledge.":[42],"To":[43,102],"address":[44],"these":[45],"limitations,":[46],"we":[47],"introduce":[48],"DynaPURLS,":[49],"a":[50,71,114,131,141],"unified":[51],"framework":[52,69],"establishes":[54],"robust,":[55],"multi-scale":[56],"visual-semantic":[57],"correspondences,":[58],"dynamically":[59],"refines":[60],"them":[61],"at":[62],"inference":[63],"time":[64],"enhance":[66],"generalization.":[67],"Our":[68],"leverages":[70],"large":[72],"language":[73],"model":[74],"generate":[76],"hierarchical":[77],"textual":[78,123],"descriptions":[79],"encompass":[81],"both":[82],"global":[83],"movements,":[84],"local":[85],"body-part":[86],"dynamics.":[87],"Concurrently,":[88],"an":[89],"adaptive":[90],"partitioning":[91],"module":[92,121],"produces":[93],"representations":[96],"semantically":[98],"grouping":[99],"joints.":[101],"fortify":[103],"this":[104,120],"against":[107],"train-test":[109],"shift,":[111],"DynaPURLS":[112,167],"incorporates":[113],"dynamic":[115],"refinement":[116,136],"module.":[117],"During":[118],"inference,":[119],"adapts":[122],"incoming":[127],"stream":[129],"via":[130],"lightweight":[132],"learnable":[133],"projection.":[134],"process":[137],"stabilized":[139],"confidence-aware,":[142],"class-balanced":[143],"memory":[144],"bank,":[145],"which":[146],"mitigates":[147],"error":[148],"propagation":[149],"from":[150],"noisy":[151],"pseudo-labels.":[152],"Extensive":[153],"experiments":[154],"three":[156],"large-scale":[157],"benchmark":[158],"datasets,":[159],"including":[160],"NTU":[161],"RGB+D":[162],"60/120,":[163],"PKU-MMD,":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"significantly":[168],"outperforms":[169],"prior":[170],"art,":[171],"setting":[172],"new":[173],"state-of-the-art":[174],"records.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}