{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151303823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3679530","title":"DrawMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Freehand Drawing","display_name":"DrawMotion: Generating 3D Human Motions by Freehand Drawing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151303823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3679530","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41945835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2026.3679530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3679530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453718","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-6932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-6932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039217360","display_name":"Lei Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-2464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-2464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101412365","display_name":"Z. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-9501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023499987","display_name":"Qiang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-4556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaozhi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLP Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLP Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083496517","display_name":"Jiaming Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102111404","display_name":"Yitao Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-0081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076090670","display_name":"Junliang Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-0510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junliang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-0510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133147864","display_name":"Jian Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of AI (TeleAI), China Telecom, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of AI (TeleAI), China Telecom, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129662812","display_name":"Shuicheng YAN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuicheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-3777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133103394","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37179262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"8","first_page":"9450","last_page":"9466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.6154999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.6154999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.16200000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.10040000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-modeling","display_name":"Solid modeling","score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.26739999651908875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7174999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6933000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6897000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000092682","descriptor_name":"Motion Capture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000092682","descriptor_name":"Motion Capture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2026.3679530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3679530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41945835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41945835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5102826188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G906092788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62476224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text-to-motion":[0],"generation,":[1],"which":[2,56],"translates":[3],"textual":[4,91],"descriptions":[5],"into":[6,115,135],"human":[7],"motions,":[8,65],"faces":[9],"the":[10,63,70,136,140,160,180,185,201],"challenge":[11],"that":[12,132,165,200],"users":[13],"often":[14],"struggle":[15],"to":[16,97,117,142,153,178],"precisely":[17],"convey":[18],"their":[19,216],"intended":[20,86],"motions":[21,43,87,187,213],"through":[22],"text":[23,49],"alone.":[24],"To":[25,82],"address":[26],"this":[27,29],"issue,":[28],"paper":[30],"introduces":[31],"DrawMotion,":[32],"an":[33,95],"efficient":[34],"diffusion-based":[35],"framework":[36],"designed":[37],"for":[38],"multi-condition":[39],"scenarios.":[40],"DrawMotion":[41,116,163],"generates":[42],"based":[44],"on":[45],"both":[46],"a":[47,52,109,128,171],"conventional":[48,154],"condition":[50,112,146],"and":[51,59,182,196],"novel":[53],"hand-drawing":[54],"condition,":[55],"provide":[57],"semantic":[58],"spatial":[60,121],"control":[61],"over":[62],"generated":[64,186],"respectively.":[66],"Specifically,":[67],"we":[68,93],"tackle":[69],"fine-grained":[71],"motion":[72],"generation":[73],"task":[74],"from":[75],"three":[76],"perspectives:":[77],"1)":[78],"Freehand":[79],"drawing":[80,203],"condition.":[81],"accurately":[83],"capture":[84],"users'":[85],"without":[88],"requiring":[89],"tedious":[90],"input,":[92],"develop":[94],"algorithm":[96],"automatically":[98],"generate":[99],"hand-drawn":[100],"stickman":[101],"sketches":[102],"across":[103],"different":[104],"dataset":[105],"formats.":[106],"In":[107],"addition,":[108],"2D":[110],"trajectory":[111],"is":[113,133],"incorporated":[114],"achieve":[118],"improved":[119],"global":[120],"control.":[122],"2)":[123],"Multi-Condition":[124,129],"Fusion.":[125],"We":[126],"propose":[127],"Module":[130],"(MCM)":[131],"integrated":[134],"diffusion":[137],"process,":[138],"enabling":[139],"model":[141],"exploit":[143],"all":[144],"possible":[145],"combinations":[147],"while":[148,191],"reducing":[149],"computational":[150],"complexity":[151],"compared":[152],"approaches.":[155],"3)":[156],"Training-free":[157],"guidance.":[158],"Notably,":[159],"MCM":[161],"in":[162,170],"ensures":[164],"its":[166],"intermediate":[167],"features":[168,181],"lie":[169],"continuous":[172],"space,":[173],"allowing":[174],"classifier":[175],"guidance":[176],"gradients":[177],"update":[179],"thereby":[183],"aligning":[184],"with":[188,215],"user":[189,197,206],"intentions":[190],"preserving":[192],"fidelity.":[193],"Quantitative":[194],"experiments":[195],"studies":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"freehand":[202],"approach":[204],"reduces":[205],"time":[207],"by":[208],"approximately":[209],"46.7%":[210],"when":[211],"generating":[212],"aligned":[214],"imagination.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T06:14:10.401900","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}
