{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131093550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","title":"Evolving Markov Chains: Online Mode Discovery and Recognition From Data Streams","display_name":"Evolving Markov Chains: Online Mode Discovery and Recognition From Data Streams","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131093550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41729676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027003064","display_name":"Kutalm\u0131\u015f Co\u015fkun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-3182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kutalm\u0131\u015f Co\u015fkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-3182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126607142","display_name":"Borahan T\u00fcmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74897591","display_name":"Marmara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kswqa67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borahan T\u00fcmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-5153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084888233","display_name":"Bjarne C. Hiller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjarne C. Hiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9371-1702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126610377","display_name":"Martin Becker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-3481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23350186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"6","first_page":"6690","last_page":"6702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.2669000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.2669000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.18539999425411224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.06260000169277191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.7501000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.41690000891685486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.802299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.7501000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54907487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915688","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","level":4,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189973286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176695","display_name":"Markov property","level":4,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41729676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41729676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2026.3660046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8926292","https://openalex.org/W1502379814","https://openalex.org/W1525720445","https://openalex.org/W2026158992","https://openalex.org/W2045656688","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2088340225","https://openalex.org/W2130031954","https://openalex.org/W2143991132","https://openalex.org/W2155513194","https://openalex.org/W2170936641","https://openalex.org/W2340025709","https://openalex.org/W2343620495","https://openalex.org/W2403008614","https://openalex.org/W2522231769","https://openalex.org/W2537240387","https://openalex.org/W2563138772","https://openalex.org/W2615695282","https://openalex.org/W2770113059","https://openalex.org/W2898017895","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W2989672005","https://openalex.org/W3015791395","https://openalex.org/W3025787433","https://openalex.org/W3043216915","https://openalex.org/W3044439675","https://openalex.org/W3093439928","https://openalex.org/W3165938138","https://openalex.org/W4223568283","https://openalex.org/W4233456301","https://openalex.org/W4235646468","https://openalex.org/W4236609033","https://openalex.org/W4249116379","https://openalex.org/W4296899806","https://openalex.org/W4304974380","https://openalex.org/W4372313955","https://openalex.org/W4380433269","https://openalex.org/W4391319872","https://openalex.org/W4396735670"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Markov":[0,99],"chains":[1,100],"are":[2,64,124],"simple":[3],"yet":[4],"powerful":[5],"mathematical":[6],"structures":[7],"to":[8,80,96,120,186,191],"model":[9],"temporally":[10],"dependent":[11],"processes.":[12,199],"They":[13],"generally":[14],"assume":[15],"stationary":[16],"data,":[17],"i.e.,":[18],"fixed":[19],"transition":[20,73,105],"probabilities":[21],"between":[22,54],"observations/states.":[23],"However,":[24],"live,":[25,85,197],"real-world":[26,86,161,198],"processes,":[27,87],"like":[28],"in":[29,114],"the":[30,128,140,144,152,179,182,187],"context":[31],"of":[32,84,125,143,151,157,181,189],"activity":[33,165],"tracking,":[34],"biological":[35],"time":[36],"series,":[37],"or":[38],"industrial":[39],"monitoring,":[40,170],"often":[41,69],"switch":[42,77],"behavior":[43,47,82],"over":[44],"time.":[45],"Such":[46],"switches":[48,113],"can":[49,76],"be":[50],"modeled":[51],"as":[52],"transitions":[53],"higher-level":[55],"modes":[56,63],"(e.g.,":[57],"running,":[58],"walking,":[59],"etc.).":[60],"Yet":[61],"all":[62],"usually":[65],"not":[66,133],"previously":[67],"known,":[68],"exhibit":[70],"vastly":[71],"differing":[72],"probabilities,":[74,106],"and":[75,93,110,147,160,171,184,195],"unpredictably.":[78],"Thus,":[79],"track":[81,104],"changes":[83],"this":[88],"study":[89],"proposes":[90],"an":[91,115],"online":[92,116],"efficient":[94],"method":[95],"construct":[97],"Evolving":[98],"(EMCs).":[101],"EMCs":[102,123,190],"adaptively":[103],"automatically":[107],"discover":[108],"modes,":[109],"detect":[111],"mode":[112],"manner.":[117],"In":[118],"contrast":[119],"previous":[121],"work,":[122],"arbitrary":[126],"order,":[127],"proposed":[129],"update":[130],"scheme":[131],"does":[132],"rely":[134],"on":[135,163],"tracking":[136],"windows,":[137],"only":[138],"updates":[139],"relevant":[141],"region":[142],"probability":[145],"tensor,":[146],"enjoys":[148],"geometric":[149],"convergence":[150],"expected":[153],"estimates.":[154],"Our":[155],"evaluation":[156],"synthetic":[158],"data":[159],"applications":[162],"human":[164],"recognition,":[166],"electric":[167],"motor":[168],"condition":[169],"eye-state":[172],"recognition":[173],"from":[174],"electroencephalography":[175],"(EEG)":[176],"measurements":[177],"illustrates":[178],"versatility":[180],"approach":[183],"points":[185],"potential":[188],"efficiently":[192],"track,":[193],"model,":[194],"understand":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}