{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417248861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3642831","title":"Unveiling Fine-Grained Deceptive Patterns in Multimodal Fake News: An Explainable Neuro-Symbolic Framework With LVLMs","display_name":"Unveiling Fine-Grained Deceptive Patterns in Multimodal Fake News: An Explainable Neuro-Symbolic Framework With LVLMs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417248861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3642831","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41379920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3642831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3642831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009013876","display_name":"Dongxiao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-4179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113151616","display_name":"Yiqi Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4267-7576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103015888","display_name":"Xiaobao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-4964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071074013","display_name":"Meng Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-4529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006897094","display_name":"Carl Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-4531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012455357","display_name":"Di Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-9936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003799782","display_name":"Witold Pedrycz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Pedrycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Measurement and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Gliwice, Poland","Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Department of Measurement and Control Systems, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Measurement and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology (SUT), Department of Measurement and Control Systems, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009013876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50047906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"4132","last_page":"4149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.3634999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7366999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519536355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21021151","display_name":"Repurposing","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59577422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10265143","display_name":"False accusation","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3642831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3642831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41379920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41379920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2225156818","https://openalex.org/W2412509443","https://openalex.org/W2579101046","https://openalex.org/W2763572884","https://openalex.org/W2766462585","https://openalex.org/W2773666902","https://openalex.org/W2783564496","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2909336075","https://openalex.org/W2912305564","https://openalex.org/W2920882913","https://openalex.org/W2963277062","https://openalex.org/W2963382544","https://openalex.org/W2963687836","https://openalex.org/W2964010806","https://openalex.org/W2970746059","https://openalex.org/W2979300990","https://openalex.org/W2991612867","https://openalex.org/W2994071599","https://openalex.org/W2997128522","https://openalex.org/W3003961771","https://openalex.org/W3013743800","https://openalex.org/W3156558703","https://openalex.org/W3197618246","https://openalex.org/W3209650911","https://openalex.org/W4206512241","https://openalex.org/W4213370678","https://openalex.org/W4224324956","https://openalex.org/W4224925583","https://openalex.org/W4225328503","https://openalex.org/W4283756115","https://openalex.org/W4283796192","https://openalex.org/W4285254610","https://openalex.org/W4312689172","https://openalex.org/W4312874810","https://openalex.org/W4317505581","https://openalex.org/W4382202522","https://openalex.org/W4382239830","https://openalex.org/W4382239959","https://openalex.org/W4383371721","https://openalex.org/W4385570228","https://openalex.org/W4385573263","https://openalex.org/W4385764327","https://openalex.org/W4385764438","https://openalex.org/W4388505125","https://openalex.org/W4390293729","https://openalex.org/W4390873144","https://openalex.org/W4391092975","https://openalex.org/W4392669905","https://openalex.org/W4393153284","https://openalex.org/W4393256667","https://openalex.org/W4396723114","https://openalex.org/W4399672772","https://openalex.org/W4399990193","https://openalex.org/W4400125901","https://openalex.org/W4400768321","https://openalex.org/W4402671356","https://openalex.org/W4402727075","https://openalex.org/W4403791383","https://openalex.org/W4403841197","https://openalex.org/W4406860664","https://openalex.org/W4408059081","https://openalex.org/W4408147820","https://openalex.org/W4409346570","https://openalex.org/W4409671072","https://openalex.org/W4416035226"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,62,99,129],"fake":[4,24,63,83],"news":[5,25,84,189],"on":[6,36,80,114,144],"the":[7,56,60,127,184],"Internet,":[8],"especially":[9],"in":[10],"multi-modal":[11],"formats,":[12],"poses":[13],"a":[14,76,119,154],"substantial":[15],"threat":[16],"to":[17],"society.":[18],"Most":[19],"deep":[20,57],"learning-based":[21],"approaches":[22],"for":[23,68],"detection":[26],"yield":[27],"accurate":[28,138],"predictions":[29],"but":[30,140],"lack":[31],"explainability.":[32],"Existing":[33],"models":[34],"focusing":[35,79],"explainability":[37,74],"visualize":[38],"key":[39],"components":[40],"from":[41,75],"results":[42],"or":[43],"generate":[44],"surface":[45],"causes":[46],"via":[47],"Large":[48,130],"Language":[49,132],"Models.":[50],"However,":[51],"they":[52],"can":[53],"hardly":[54],"provide":[55],"rationale":[58],"behind":[59],"fabrication":[61],"news,":[64],"which":[65,87,134],"is":[66,85,151],"indispensable":[67],"misinformation":[69],"mitigation.":[70],"Thus,":[71],"we":[72,88,116],"approach":[73],"different":[77],"perspective,":[78],"explaining":[81],"how":[82],"fabricated,":[86],"term":[89],"deceptive":[90,100,145,149],"patterns,":[91],"at":[92],"its":[93],"very":[94],"source.":[95],"First,":[96],"four":[97],"types":[98],"patterns":[101],"are":[102,191],"pre-established,":[103],"namely":[104],"Image":[105,109],"Manipulation,":[106],"Cross-modal":[107],"Inconsistency,":[108],"Repurposing":[110],"and":[111,164],"Others.":[112],"Based":[113],"this,":[115],"propose":[117],"GE-NSLM,":[118],"General":[120],"Explainable":[121],"Neuro-Symbolic":[122],"Latent":[123],"Model":[124],"that":[125],"integrates":[126],"power":[128],"Vision":[131],"Models,":[133],"not":[135],"only":[136],"provides":[137,180],"judgments":[139],"also":[141],"offers":[142],"insights":[143,182],"patterns.":[146],"Specifically,":[147],"each":[148],"pattern":[150],"represented":[152],"as":[153],"binary":[155],"learnable":[156],"latent":[157],"variable,":[158],"obtained":[159],"through":[160],"amortized":[161],"variational":[162],"inference":[163],"weak":[165],"supervision":[166],"guided":[167],"by":[168],"logical":[169],"rules.":[170],"Experiments":[171],"show":[172],"GE-NSLM":[173],"achieves":[174],"competitive":[175],"performance.":[176],"More":[177],"importantly,":[178],"it":[179],"interpretable":[181],"into":[183],"underlying":[185],"reasons":[186],"why":[187],"specific":[188],"items":[190],"fake.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2025-12-11T00:00:00"}
