{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416323921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3634161","title":"Oriented Tiny Object Detection: A Dataset, Benchmark, and Dynamic Unbiased Learning","display_name":"Oriented Tiny Object Detection: A Dataset, Benchmark, and Dynamic Unbiased Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416323921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3634161","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41252230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3634161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3634161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101849661","display_name":"Chang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-0496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008617245","display_name":"Ruixiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-2484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069540177","display_name":"Wen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-8768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101998450","display_name":"Haoran Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0153-1305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065162054","display_name":"Fang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-7911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070798635","display_name":"Jian Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073032922","display_name":"Gui-Song Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-6090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui-Song Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101849661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85152497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"3167","last_page":"3184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8077999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8077999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.07810000330209732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.03240000084042549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7433000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7117999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.617900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.361299991607666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7904000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7433000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7117999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.617900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5078999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510160","display_name":"Learning automata","level":3,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779542340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062461","display_name":"Learning object","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3634161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3634161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41252230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41252230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2470411838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFF1401003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6199460555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2144554289","https://openalex.org/W2176924101","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2296151615","https://openalex.org/W2400138547","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2625219738","https://openalex.org/W2803740064","https://openalex.org/W2896155169","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963299996","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2966926453","https://openalex.org/W2971900262","https://openalex.org/W2979994465","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2985384565","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2989824617","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W3009396058","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3011688396","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3046174881","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3108849448","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3136761610","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3160733999","https://openalex.org/W3167308647","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W3172507542","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3173658130","https://openalex.org/W3175496347","https://openalex.org/W3175854195","https://openalex.org/W3200733355","https://openalex.org/W3201797941","https://openalex.org/W3203608457","https://openalex.org/W3205100603","https://openalex.org/W3207919963","https://openalex.org/W3208645658","https://openalex.org/W4211114389","https://openalex.org/W4214648418","https://openalex.org/W4225125774","https://openalex.org/W4226456028","https://openalex.org/W4283717190","https://openalex.org/W4283800076","https://openalex.org/W4285820611","https://openalex.org/W4290715466","https://openalex.org/W4304084055","https://openalex.org/W4312312588","https://openalex.org/W4312789460","https://openalex.org/W4312804579","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313172897","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4362500629","https://openalex.org/W4382568144","https://openalex.org/W4386065355","https://openalex.org/W4386072246","https://openalex.org/W4386076234","https://openalex.org/W4390872937","https://openalex.org/W4391128812","https://openalex.org/W4391935863","https://openalex.org/W4393148032","https://openalex.org/W4402754222","https://openalex.org/W4402754284","https://openalex.org/W4404177154"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"oriented":[1,52,95,133],"tiny":[2,96,134],"objects,":[3,135],"which":[4],"are":[5,98],"limited":[6,130],"in":[7,12,38,140,156],"appearance":[8],"information":[9],"yet":[10],"prevalent":[11],"real-world":[13],"applications,":[14],"remains":[15],"an":[16],"intricate":[17],"and":[18,32,73,136,147,159,178],"under-explored":[19],"problem.":[20],"To":[21,105],"address":[22],"this,":[23],"we":[24,59,78,109],"systematically":[25],"introduce":[26],"a":[27,30,33,61,64,80,111,141],"new":[28],"dataset,":[29,43],"benchmark,":[31],"dynamic":[34],"coarse-to-fine":[35],"learning":[36,81,86],"scheme":[37,116],"this":[39,107],"study.":[40],"Our":[41],"proposed":[42],"AI-TOD-R,":[44,58],"features":[45],"the":[46,129],"smallest":[47],"object":[48,53,151,167],"sizes":[49],"among":[50],"all":[51],"detection":[54,68,103,168],"datasets.":[55],"Based":[56],"on":[57],"present":[60],"benchmark":[62],"spanning":[63],"broad":[65],"range":[66],"of":[67,132],"paradigms,":[69],"including":[70],"both":[71,145],"fully-supervised":[72],"label-efficient":[74],"approaches.":[75],"Through":[76],"investigation,":[77],"identify":[79],"bias":[82],"presents":[83],"across":[84,149,164],"various":[85],"pipelines:":[87],"confident":[88],"objects":[89,97],"become":[90],"increasingly":[91],"confident,":[92],"while":[93],"vulnerable":[94],"further":[99],"marginalized,":[100],"hindering":[101],"their":[102],"performance.":[104],"mitigate":[106],"issue,":[108],"propose":[110],"Dynamic":[112],"Coarse-to-Fine":[113],"Learning":[114],"(DCFL)":[115],"towards":[117],"unbiased":[118],"learning.":[119],"DCFL":[120,172],"dynamically":[121],"updates":[122],"prior":[123,157],"positions":[124],"to":[125],"better":[126],"align":[127],"with":[128],"areas":[131],"it":[137],"assigns":[138],"samples":[139],"way":[142],"that":[143,171],"balances":[144],"quantity":[146],"quality":[148],"different":[150],"shapes,":[152],"thus":[153],"mitigating":[154],"biases":[155],"settings":[158],"sample":[160],"selection.":[161],"Extensive":[162],"experiments":[163],"10":[165],"challenging":[166],"datasets":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"achieves":[173],"state-of-the-art":[174],"accuracy,":[175],"high":[176],"efficiency,":[177],"remarkable":[179],"versatility.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-18T00:00:00"}