{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416177929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3632357","title":"A Visual Benchmark for Autonomous Driving in Open-Pit Mines","display_name":"A Visual Benchmark for Autonomous Driving in Open-Pit Mines","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416177929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3632357","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41231700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3632357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3632357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056823803","display_name":"Yuchen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-323X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["WAYTOUS Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-323X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WAYTOUS Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050883771","display_name":"Luxi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-1337"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luxi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["WAYTOUS Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-1337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WAYTOUS Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060444894","display_name":"Zhenshan Bing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-2517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenshan Bing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany","Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-2517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091598678","display_name":"Libo Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-5430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-5430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063781430","display_name":"Alois Knoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alois Christian Knoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany","Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-076X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science at the Department of Informatics, Technische Universität München, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113600509","display_name":"Fei\u2013Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei-Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems and the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems and the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111143164","display_name":"Long Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-6926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems and the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-6926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems and the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66673633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"2902","last_page":"2918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.435699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.435699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.2669999897480011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.04540000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.7569000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.7443000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.527899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7569000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.7443000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7264000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.527899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3632357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3632357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41231700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41231700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1138058057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373356","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532362218","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1921093919","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2128718330","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2520707372","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2591119809","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2901870313","https://openalex.org/W2910628332","https://openalex.org/W2911486422","https://openalex.org/W2920204204","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2962807143","https://openalex.org/W2962912109","https://openalex.org/W2963073217","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963316641","https://openalex.org/W2963794551","https://openalex.org/W2967740791","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W2989676862","https://openalex.org/W2991216808","https://openalex.org/W2993182889","https://openalex.org/W2998152504","https://openalex.org/W2999219213","https://openalex.org/W3008105217","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3011463348","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3034314779","https://openalex.org/W3035254347","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3039368862","https://openalex.org/W3084892460","https://openalex.org/W3086436251","https://openalex.org/W3089903748","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3104610662","https://openalex.org/W3107156787","https://openalex.org/W3109240920","https://openalex.org/W3113317635","https://openalex.org/W3118212025","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3127161477","https://openalex.org/W3130463448","https://openalex.org/W3132607695","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3166089996","https://openalex.org/W3175630421","https://openalex.org/W3198662297","https://openalex.org/W3204439495","https://openalex.org/W3206199195","https://openalex.org/W3206528488","https://openalex.org/W3208750293","https://openalex.org/W3210240180","https://openalex.org/W3211620692","https://openalex.org/W3216015562","https://openalex.org/W3216484682","https://openalex.org/W4200457877","https://openalex.org/W4206545998","https://openalex.org/W4210457203","https://openalex.org/W4214755140","https://openalex.org/W4214893857","https://openalex.org/W4221145330","https://openalex.org/W4283327872","https://openalex.org/W4283365039","https://openalex.org/W4293811845","https://openalex.org/W4308450151","https://openalex.org/W4312550876","https://openalex.org/W4312632985","https://openalex.org/W4312815172","https://openalex.org/W4313017681","https://openalex.org/W4313128851","https://openalex.org/W4317601991","https://openalex.org/W4323351162","https://openalex.org/W4377298394","https://openalex.org/W4379538705","https://openalex.org/W4382465657","https://openalex.org/W4386057730","https://openalex.org/W4386066126","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386723894","https://openalex.org/W4388206698","https://openalex.org/W4390873008","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391935121","https://openalex.org/W4399938885","https://openalex.org/W4404612908"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"intelligent":[3,40,230],"vehicles":[4],"operating":[5],"in":[6,39,47,66,100,127,140,193,213,229,238,247],"urban":[7],"environments":[8,234],"have":[9,144,159,198],"demonstrated":[10],"the":[11,31,53,76,115,120,133,167,173,187,209,250],"capability":[12],"to":[13,107,220],"autonomously":[14],"execute":[15],"various":[16],"tasks,":[17,151],"such":[18],"as":[19,42,44],"object":[20],"detection,":[21,23,153],"lane":[22],"segmentation,":[24,154],"etc.":[25,156],"This":[26,69,111],"advancement":[27,77],"is":[28,58,105,219],"facilitated":[29],"by":[30,35],"extensive":[32],"datasets":[33],"accumulated":[34],"researchers,":[36],"alongside":[37],"advancements":[38],"algorithms,":[41],"well":[43],"significant":[45],"breakthroughs":[46],"software":[48],"and":[49,73,83,117,162,182,223,235,249],"hardware.":[50],"However,":[51],"within":[52,232],"autonomous":[54,80,136,236],"driving":[55,81,98,137,215,237],"community,":[56],"there":[57],"a":[59,146,200],"scarcity":[60,70],"of":[61,78,97,119,122,135,176,190,202],"data":[62,99,207,222],"regarding":[63],"scenarios":[64],"encountered":[65],"mining":[67,141,180,191,233],"environments.":[68],"presents":[71],"challenges":[72],"bottlenecks":[74],"for":[75,124,166,204],"comprehensive":[79,239],"systems":[82],"autonomousoperations.":[84],"Although":[85],"we":[86,143,158,185],"previously":[87],"released":[88],"our":[89],"dataset,":[90],"AutoMine,":[91,248],"which":[92],"includes":[93],"over":[94],"18":[95],"hours":[96],"open-pit":[101],"mines,":[102],"its":[103],"scope":[104,112,134],"limited":[106],"two":[108],"specific":[109],"tasks.":[110,170],"limitation":[113],"impedes":[114],"training":[116],"validation":[118],"majority":[121],"algorithms":[123,178],"different":[125],"tasks":[126,139],"this":[128],"particular":[129],"scenario.":[130],"To":[131],"broaden":[132],"visual":[138,177],"environments,":[142],"curated":[145],"diverse":[147],"collection":[148],"encompassing":[149],"multiple":[150,169],"including":[152],"tracking,":[155],"Additionally,":[157],"established":[160],"benchmarks":[161],"set":[163],"up":[164],"baselines":[165],"aforementioned":[168],"By":[171],"comparing":[172],"performance":[174],"differences":[175],"between":[179],"areas":[181],"other":[183],"scenarios,":[184],"demonstrate":[186],"distinctive":[188],"characteristics":[189],"regions":[192],"an":[194],"intuitive":[195],"manner.":[196],"We":[197],"developed":[199],"suite":[201],"tools":[203],"converting":[205],"annotated":[206],"into":[208],"standardized":[210],"format":[211],"used":[212],"existing":[214],"datasets.":[216],"Our":[217,241],"aspiration":[218],"establish":[221],"benchmark":[224],"foundations,":[225],"supporting":[226],"research":[227],"endeavors":[228],"transportation":[231],"scenarios.":[240],"project":[242],"website":[243],"can":[244,252],"be":[245,253],"seen":[246],"dataset":[251],"downloaded":[254],"via":[255],"AutoMine-Benchmark.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}