{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413050402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3596878","title":"Uncertainty-Aware Medical Diagnostic Phrase Identification and Grounding","display_name":"Uncertainty-Aware Medical Diagnostic Phrase Identification and Grounding","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413050402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3596878","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40773383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3596878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3596878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066850451","display_name":"Ke Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-9859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-9859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393089","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-7838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yidi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-4624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yidi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-4624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341620","display_name":"Zhihao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-9854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-9854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078155399","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-619X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-619X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035824913","display_name":"Xuedong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-2831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuedong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-2831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377107","display_name":"Meng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-1747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-1747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041535928","display_name":"Xiaojing Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-700X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-700X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068837264","display_name":"Xiaochun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-708X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-708X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085096438","display_name":"Yih Chung Tham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-797X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yih Chung Tham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-797X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010970485","display_name":"Huazhu Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-5524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-5524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A&#x002A;STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6649,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90700334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"12","first_page":"11315","last_page":"11329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.81256103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6224526166915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground","display_name":"Ground","score":0.546602725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.5369093418121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5046473741531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.49484771490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.4727281630039215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.4708558917045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4672076106071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.440219908952713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4336867928504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19593492150306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.19119372963905334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.81256103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6224526166915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.546602725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.5369093418121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5046473741531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.49484771490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.4727281630039215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.4708558917045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4672076106071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.440219908952713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4336867928504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19593492150306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.19119372963905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035501","descriptor_name":"Uncertainty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3596878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3596878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40773383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40773383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4414281452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G450998822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFG0273","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6503590525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202206240082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8555480324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFS0071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8709871023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025GXNSFAA069531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327278","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8715504919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62411540034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327278","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2051752778","https://openalex.org/W2557519264","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963783181","https://openalex.org/W2969913432","https://openalex.org/W2971561076","https://openalex.org/W2979907638","https://openalex.org/W2984194315","https://openalex.org/W2991523350","https://openalex.org/W2995225687","https://openalex.org/W3103694015","https://openalex.org/W3163747765","https://openalex.org/W3164654615","https://openalex.org/W4214490042","https://openalex.org/W4226109042","https://openalex.org/W4295916009","https://openalex.org/W4309181071","https://openalex.org/W4312533035","https://openalex.org/W4385245495","https://openalex.org/W4386075643","https://openalex.org/W4387211285","https://openalex.org/W4387211952","https://openalex.org/W4387898479","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391109864","https://openalex.org/W4396844254","https://openalex.org/W4396909894","https://openalex.org/W4399258783","https://openalex.org/W4401815590","https://openalex.org/W4402582321","https://openalex.org/W4402713111","https://openalex.org/W4402716371","https://openalex.org/W4402754134","https://openalex.org/W4404178155","https://openalex.org/W4405595839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W2775506363","https://openalex.org/W3088136942","https://openalex.org/W2963177403","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W2949362007","https://openalex.org/W4283207562","https://openalex.org/W2330246314","https://openalex.org/W2949522393","https://openalex.org/W4289422896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medical":[0],"phrase":[1,14,162],"grounding":[2,75,136,152,163],"is":[3],"crucial":[4],"for":[5,41],"identifying":[6],"relevant":[7],"regions":[8],"in":[9,80,189,199,220],"medical":[10,33,78,161,200],"images":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13,26],"queries,":[15,233],"facilitating":[16],"accurate":[17],"image":[18,133],"analysis":[19],"and":[20,37,53,72,94,131,149,165,173,204,234],"diagnosis.":[21],"However,":[22],"current":[23],"methods":[24,164],"rely":[25],"manual":[27],"extraction":[28],"of":[29,46,151,181,197,224],"key":[30,215],"phrases":[31,71,107],"from":[32,77],"reports,":[34,229],"reducing":[35],"efficiency":[36],"increasing":[38],"the":[39,44,118,128,147,182,186,195],"workload":[40],"clinicians.":[42],"Additionally,":[43,192],"lack":[45],"model":[47,103],"confidence":[48],"estimation":[49],"limits":[50],"clinical":[51],"trust":[52],"usability.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,86,190],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,88,193],"introduce":[59],"a":[60,91,92,99,110,178],"novel":[61],"task-Medical":[62],"Report":[63],"Grounding":[64],"(MRG)-which":[65],"aims":[66],"to":[67,104,120,134],"directly":[68],"identify":[69],"diagnostic":[70,106,216],"their":[73],"corresponding":[74],"boxes":[76],"reports":[79],"an":[81,141],"end-to-end":[82],"manner.":[83],"To":[84],"address":[85],"challenge,":[87],"propose":[89],"uMedGround,":[90],"robust":[93],"reliable":[95],"framework":[96],"that":[97,157],"leverages":[98],"multimodal":[100],"large":[101,167],"language":[102],"predict":[105],"by":[108],"embedding":[109],"unique":[111],"token,":[112],"<":[113],"$\\mathtt":[114],"{BOX}$BOX":[115],">,":[116],"into":[117],"vocabulary":[119],"enhance":[121],"detection":[122],"capabilities.":[123],"A":[124],"vision":[125],"encoder-decoder":[126],"processes":[127],"embedded":[129],"token":[130],"input":[132],"generate":[135],"boxes.":[137],"Critically,":[138],"uMedGround":[139,158,198],"incorporates":[140],"uncertainty-aware":[142],"prediction":[143],"model,":[144],"significantly":[145],"improving":[146],"robustness":[148],"reliability":[150],"predictions.":[153],"Experimental":[154],"results":[155],"demonstrate":[156,194],"outperforms":[159],"state-of-the-art":[160],"fine-tuned":[166],"visual-language":[168],"models,":[169],"validating":[170],"its":[171],"effectiveness":[172],"reliability.":[174],"This":[175],"study":[176],"represents":[177],"pioneering":[179],"exploration":[180],"MRG":[183],"task,":[184],"marking":[185],"first-ever":[187],"endeavor":[188],"domain.":[191],"applicability":[196],"visual":[201,211,230],"question":[202,231],"answering":[203,232],"class-based":[205],"localization":[206],"tasks,":[207],"where":[208],"it":[209],"highlights":[210],"evidence":[212],"aligned":[213],"with":[214],"phrases,":[217],"supporting":[218],"clinicians":[219],"interpreting":[221],"various":[222],"types":[223],"textual":[225],"inputs,":[226],"including":[227],"free-text":[228],"class":[235],"labels.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}