{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413113046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3593669","title":"GLC++: Source-Free Universal Domain Adaptation Through Global-Local Clustering and Contrastive Affinity Learning","display_name":"GLC++: Source-Free Universal Domain Adaptation Through Global-Local Clustering and Contrastive Affinity Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413113046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3593669","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40794505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3593669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3593669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070358967","display_name":"Sanqing Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0377-7120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanqing Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0377-7120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035796941","display_name":"Tianpei Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianpei Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","School of Automotive Engineering, Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Engineering, Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047626282","display_name":"Florian R\u00f6hrbein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-2673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2610724","display_name":"Chemnitz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a208s56","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian R\u00f6hrbein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany","Faculty of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101470275","display_name":"Cewu Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cewu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-8576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323037","display_name":"Guang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7416-592X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7416-592X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dacheng Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-5449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dacheng Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-5449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066099338","display_name":"Changjun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-9317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changjun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Technology, Key Laboratory of Embedded System, Service Computing, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-9317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Technology, Key Laboratory of Embedded System, Service Computing, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9669278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"11","first_page":"10646","last_page":"10663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10515","display_name":"Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research","score":0.9460999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7948718070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7554247379302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6759963035583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.6490194201469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6301305294036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5243290066719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5208181142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4844817817211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affinity-propagation","display_name":"Affinity propagation","score":0.43663516640663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.42973339557647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.4133441746234894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4029327630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40012314915657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.1309559941291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10317045450210571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7948718070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7554247379302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6759963035583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.6490194201469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6301305294036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5243290066719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5208181142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4844817817211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109659709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407504","display_name":"Affinity propagation","level":5,"score":0.43663516640663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.42973339557647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.4133441746234894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4029327630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40012314915657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.1309559941291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10317045450210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3593669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3593669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40794505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40794505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1605215565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G50150004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025M771539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G590314690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZB20250385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594039573","https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2071949631","https://openalex.org/W2085487226","https://openalex.org/W2096943734","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2478454054","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2596142952","https://openalex.org/W2627183927","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2769210209","https://openalex.org/W2779610669","https://openalex.org/W2798593490","https://openalex.org/W2885722640","https://openalex.org/W2937614441","https://openalex.org/W2948069880","https://openalex.org/W2948429981","https://openalex.org/W2962687275","https://openalex.org/W2962835731","https://openalex.org/W2963073217","https://openalex.org/W2963403405","https://openalex.org/W2963532621","https://openalex.org/W2964109570","https://openalex.org/W2978573218","https://openalex.org/W2981720610","https://openalex.org/W2985406498","https://openalex.org/W2990604239","https://openalex.org/W2998115938","https://openalex.org/W3010381534","https://openalex.org/W3021747502","https://openalex.org/W3034218934","https://openalex.org/W3035235949","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3035701489","https://openalex.org/W3042609801","https://openalex.org/W3083641663","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3097526063","https://openalex.org/W3102842772","https://openalex.org/W3108560336","https://openalex.org/W3108655343","https://openalex.org/W3110059533","https://openalex.org/W3120804725","https://openalex.org/W3164101295","https://openalex.org/W3175042385","https://openalex.org/W3175294391","https://openalex.org/W3177151237","https://openalex.org/W3192275354","https://openalex.org/W3192693288","https://openalex.org/W3201774370","https://openalex.org/W3205708784","https://openalex.org/W3206487064","https://openalex.org/W4214671648","https://openalex.org/W4214715922","https://openalex.org/W4312281441","https://openalex.org/W4312397528","https://openalex.org/W4312440658","https://openalex.org/W4312496732","https://openalex.org/W4312592225","https://openalex.org/W4312617661","https://openalex.org/W4312768455","https://openalex.org/W4313022252","https://openalex.org/W4385977736","https://openalex.org/W4386066676","https://openalex.org/W4388193481","https://openalex.org/W4400934003","https://openalex.org/W4406071442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035557009","https://openalex.org/W3204418343","https://openalex.org/W2341113105","https://openalex.org/W2955172689","https://openalex.org/W3132602785","https://openalex.org/W3046182208","https://openalex.org/W2343346879","https://openalex.org/W2186589590","https://openalex.org/W2576964996","https://openalex.org/W772479628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"often":[3],"exhibit":[4],"sub-optimal":[5],"performance":[6],"under":[7],"covariate":[8],"and":[9,52,64,135,140,152,158],"category":[10,141,169],"shifts.":[11],"Source-Free":[12,37],"Domain":[13,39],"Adaptation":[14,40],"(SFDA)":[15],"presents":[16],"a":[17,61,84,124],"promising":[18],"solution":[19],"to":[20,29,43,49,77,89,102,121],"this":[21,33],"dilemma,":[22],"yet":[23],"most":[24,147],"SFDA":[25],"approaches":[26],"are":[27],"restricted":[28],"closed-set":[30,98],"scenarios.":[31,143],"In":[32],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,118],"explore":[36],"Universal":[38],"(SF-UniDA)":[41],"aiming":[42],"accurately":[44],"classify":[45],"\"known\"":[46],"data":[47],"belonging":[48],"common":[50],"categories":[51],"segregate":[53],"them":[54],"from":[55],"target-private":[56],"\"unknown\"":[57,106,113],"data.":[58],"We":[59,129],"propose":[60],"novel":[62,168],"Global":[63],"Local":[65],"Clustering":[66],"(GLC)":[67],"technique,":[68],"which":[69],"comprises":[70],"an":[71],"adaptive":[72],"one-vs-all":[73],"global":[74],"clustering":[75,87,170],"algorithm":[76],"discern":[78],"between":[79],"target":[80],"classes,":[81],"complemented":[82],"by":[83,156,174],"local":[85],"k-NN":[86],"strategy":[88,186],"mitigate":[90],"negative":[91],"transfer.":[92],"Despite":[93],"the":[94,96,109,131,146,167,182],"effectiveness,":[95],"inherent":[97],"source":[99],"architecture":[100],"leads":[101],"uniform":[103],"treatment":[104],"of":[105,111,133,172],"data,":[107],"impeding":[108],"identification":[110],"distinct":[112],"categories.":[114],"To":[115],"address":[116],"this,":[117],"evolve":[119],"GLC":[120,134,151,173,190],"GLC++,":[122],"integrating":[123],"contrastive":[125,184],"affinity":[126],"learning":[127,185],"strategy.":[128],"examine":[130],"superiority":[132],"GLC++":[136,153,165],"across":[137],"multiple":[138],"benchmarks":[139],"shift":[142],"Remarkably,":[144],"in":[145,160,176],"challenging":[148],"open-partial-set":[149],"scenarios,":[150],"surpass":[154],"GATE":[155],"16.8%":[157],"18.9%":[159],"H-score":[161],"on":[162,179],"VisDA,":[163],"respectively.":[164],"enhances":[166,189],"accuracy":[171],"4.1%":[175],"open-set":[177],"scenarios":[178],"Office-Home.":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"introduced":[183],"not":[187],"only":[188],"but":[191],"also":[192],"significantly":[193],"facilitates":[194],"existing":[195],"methodologies.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
