{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411867245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3584847","title":"Investigating Synthetic-to-Real Transfer Robustness for Stereo Matching and Optical Flow Estimation","display_name":"Investigating Synthetic-to-Real Transfer Robustness for Stereo Matching and Optical Flow Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411867245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3584847","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40591472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3584847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3584847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462860","display_name":"Jiawei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6321-1593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6321-1593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiahe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8669-921X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8669-921X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101670806","display_name":"Lei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-168X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-168X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085348492","display_name":"Haonan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-2687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-2687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070802592","display_name":"Xiaohan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-0520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-0520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053647594","display_name":"Lin Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN AIP, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","National Institute of Informatics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN AIP, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-9250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-9250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790836","display_name":"Xiao Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-9299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91878298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"10","first_page":"9113","last_page":"9129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7200486660003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7112407088279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.6766330003738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6286095380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6262357831001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.45087429881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4101071357727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37952572107315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2401238977909088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1555071771144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09607663750648499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7200486660003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7112407088279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.6766330003738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6286095380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6262357831001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.45087429881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4101071357727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37952572107315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2401238977909088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1555071771144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09607663750648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3584847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3584847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40591472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40591472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2865864995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024NSFSC1474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5406998054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7163718815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7351674795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62476016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7488138234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8610837047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M722630","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37877361","https://openalex.org/W63091017","https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1513100184","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1921093919","https://openalex.org/W1984475609","https://openalex.org/W2065485838","https://openalex.org/W2144041313","https://openalex.org/W2147253850","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2151290401","https://openalex.org/W2165114467","https://openalex.org/W2218842719","https://openalex.org/W2259424905","https://openalex.org/W2520707372","https://openalex.org/W2548527721","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2604231069","https://openalex.org/W2741885505","https://openalex.org/W2798658180","https://openalex.org/W2889986507","https://openalex.org/W2948384918","https://openalex.org/W2952813711","https://openalex.org/W2952825894","https://openalex.org/W2963200201","https://openalex.org/W2963210183","https://openalex.org/W2963305757","https://openalex.org/W2963316559","https://openalex.org/W2963496125","https://openalex.org/W2963617879","https://openalex.org/W2963619659","https://openalex.org/W2963782415","https://openalex.org/W2963872790","https://openalex.org/W2980467688","https://openalex.org/W2997575304","https://openalex.org/W3034368386","https://openalex.org/W3034514115","https://openalex.org/W3034756453","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3106635087","https://openalex.org/W3109908659","https://openalex.org/W3127535616","https://openalex.org/W3137106869","https://openalex.org/W3147597595","https://openalex.org/W3158427446","https://openalex.org/W3172573759","https://openalex.org/W3202487934","https://openalex.org/W3206736890","https://openalex.org/W3215023725","https://openalex.org/W4200357302","https://openalex.org/W4200634880","https://openalex.org/W4226265017","https://openalex.org/W4226426325","https://openalex.org/W4312259812","https://openalex.org/W4312388571","https://openalex.org/W4312693398","https://openalex.org/W4312790276","https://openalex.org/W4312871721","https://openalex.org/W4312901297","https://openalex.org/W4312951879","https://openalex.org/W4327522797","https://openalex.org/W4367359689","https://openalex.org/W4376872192","https://openalex.org/W4385259380","https://openalex.org/W4385945813","https://openalex.org/W4386047772","https://openalex.org/W4386066345","https://openalex.org/W4386071550","https://openalex.org/W4386075599","https://openalex.org/W4386075771","https://openalex.org/W4386076114","https://openalex.org/W4386076249","https://openalex.org/W4386076290","https://openalex.org/W4386083118","https://openalex.org/W4389104737","https://openalex.org/W4389463402","https://openalex.org/W4390872625","https://openalex.org/W4390872778","https://openalex.org/W4390873005","https://openalex.org/W4390873517","https://openalex.org/W4392130772","https://openalex.org/W4396830328","https://openalex.org/W4402704515","https://openalex.org/W4402727359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W2023355163","https://openalex.org/W4386083130","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W3111737715","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2069571255","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W4287067567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,32,83,107],"robust":[3],"stereo":[4,39,191],"matching":[5,40,192],"and":[6,41,60,72,80,129,145,162,172,193],"optical":[7,42,194],"flow":[8,43,195],"estimation":[9,44],"networks,":[10],"models":[11],"pre-trained":[12],"on":[13,89,176],"synthetic":[14,163],"data":[15,161],"demonstrate":[16,73],"strong":[17],"robustness":[18,24,49,86,147,189],"to":[19,50,100,113,121,153],"unseen":[20,51],"domains.":[21,52],"However,":[22],"their":[23,48,174],"can":[25],"be":[26],"seriously":[27],"degraded":[28],"when":[29],"fine-tuning":[30,38],"them":[31],"real-world":[33,178],"scenarios.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"investigates":[37],"networks":[45,171,196],"without":[46],"compromising":[47],"Specifically,":[53],"we":[54,92],"divide":[55],"the":[56,75,94,102,124,132,138,159,188],"pixels":[57],"into":[58],"consistent":[59,79],"inconsistent":[61,81],"regions":[62,82,106],"by":[63,148],"comparing":[64],"Ground":[65],"Truth":[66],"(GT)":[67],"with":[68,169],"Pseudo":[69],"Label":[70],"(PL)":[71],"that":[74,183],"imbalance":[76],"learning":[77,103,133],"of":[78,104,190],"GT":[84],"causes":[85],"degradation.":[87],"Based":[88],"our":[90,167,184],"analysis,":[91],"propose":[93,137],"DKT":[95],"framework,":[96,140],"which":[97,141],"utilizes":[98],"PL":[99],"balance":[101],"different":[105],"GT.":[108],"The":[109],"core":[110],"idea":[111],"is":[112],"utilize":[114],"an":[115],"exponential":[116],"moving":[117],"average":[118],"(EMA)":[119],"teacher":[120],"measure":[122],"what":[123],"student":[125],"network":[126,146],"has":[127],"learned":[128],"dynamically":[130],"adjust":[131],"regions.":[134],"We":[135,165],"further":[136],"DKT++":[139],"improves":[142],"target-domain":[143],"performances":[144],"applying":[149],"slow-fast":[150],"update":[151],"teachers":[152],"generate":[154],"more":[155],"accurate":[156],"PL,":[157],"introducing":[158],"unlabeled":[160],"data.":[164],"integrate":[166],"frameworks":[168],"state-of-the-art":[170],"evaluate":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"several":[177],"datasets.":[179],"Extensive":[180],"experiments":[181],"show":[182],"method":[185],"effectively":[186],"preserves":[187],"during":[197],"fine-tuning.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}