{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411550899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3582518","title":"Evidence-Based Multi-Feature Fusion for Adversarial Robustness","display_name":"Evidence-Based Multi-Feature Fusion for Adversarial Robustness","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411550899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3582518","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40549525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3582518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3582518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037117576","display_name":"Zheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-0084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-0084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009074046","display_name":"Xing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-3123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-3123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-7142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-7142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024408423","display_name":"Yi Bin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-8738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-8738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334018","display_name":"Guoqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-5994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-5994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397616","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-4511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-4511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052993469","display_name":"Heng Tao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-2088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Tao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Tongji University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-2088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.7119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99634407,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"10","first_page":"8923","last_page":"8937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7225260734558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7198632955551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7104402184486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6882646679878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.491044282913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4575785994529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4393230676651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4160158634185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4057839512825012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7225260734558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7198632955551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7104402184486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6882646679878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.491044282913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4575785994529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4393230676651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4160158634185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4057839512825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3582518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3582518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40549525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40549525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1294623083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62220106008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3626616767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62476201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4047099904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5347999826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481025135","https://openalex.org/W2001610032","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2774018344","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2962933288","https://openalex.org/W2963384482","https://openalex.org/W2963771536","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2969542116","https://openalex.org/W2983219069","https://openalex.org/W3028525609","https://openalex.org/W3035084548","https://openalex.org/W3045766264","https://openalex.org/W3137278571","https://openalex.org/W3171288285","https://openalex.org/W3173019690","https://openalex.org/W3195599616","https://openalex.org/W3202003978","https://openalex.org/W3202090809","https://openalex.org/W3208993340","https://openalex.org/W4214585697","https://openalex.org/W4214751560","https://openalex.org/W4224950673","https://openalex.org/W4226058100","https://openalex.org/W4226110825","https://openalex.org/W4226239489","https://openalex.org/W4234587807","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4301347335","https://openalex.org/W4312309917","https://openalex.org/W4313066313","https://openalex.org/W4319990388","https://openalex.org/W4366957333","https://openalex.org/W4376226279","https://openalex.org/W4386025709","https://openalex.org/W4386065620","https://openalex.org/W4386075665","https://openalex.org/W4386075807","https://openalex.org/W4386076236","https://openalex.org/W4386180992","https://openalex.org/W4387602687","https://openalex.org/W4388505137","https://openalex.org/W4389633739","https://openalex.org/W4390871715","https://openalex.org/W4390871784","https://openalex.org/W4390874788","https://openalex.org/W4390874799","https://openalex.org/W4391326543","https://openalex.org/W4391952619","https://openalex.org/W4394994855","https://openalex.org/W4395056490","https://openalex.org/W4399426587","https://openalex.org/W4399768821","https://openalex.org/W4399923948","https://openalex.org/W4402715851","https://openalex.org/W4402727751","https://openalex.org/W4402753640","https://openalex.org/W4402753982","https://openalex.org/W4402979285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W2619203976","https://openalex.org/W1996690921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"accumulation":[1],"of":[2,66,106,128,141,172,193],"adversarial":[3,87,185],"perturbations":[4],"in":[5,64,169],"the":[6,70,101,107,125,139,191,211],"feature":[7,145],"space":[8],"makes":[9],"it":[10],"impossible":[11],"for":[12,86],"Deep":[13],"Neural":[14],"Networks":[15],"(DNNs)":[16],"to":[17,42,97,123],"know":[18],"what":[19],"features":[20,71,127],"are":[21,62],"robust":[22],"and":[23,25,104,146,167,174,177,200,209],"reliable,":[24],"thus":[26,147],"DNNs":[27,99,137],"can":[28,189],"be":[29],"fooled":[30],"by":[31,46,181],"relying":[32],"on":[33,118],"a":[34,79,111,142,205],"single":[35,143],"contaminated":[36,108],"feature.":[37],"Numerous":[38],"defense":[39,158],"strategies":[40],"attempt":[41],"improve":[43,148,190],"their":[44,54,149],"robustness":[45,192],"denoising,":[47],"deactivating,":[48],"or":[49],"recalibrating":[50],"non-robust":[51],"features.":[52,109],"Despite":[53],"effectiveness,":[55],"we":[56,77,188],"still":[57],"argue":[58],"that":[59,154,180],"these":[60],"methods":[61],"under-explored":[63],"terms":[65],"determining":[67],"how":[68],"trustworthy":[69],"are.":[72],"To":[73],"address":[74],"this":[75],"issue,":[76],"propose":[78],"novel":[80,112,161],"Evidence-based":[81],"Multi-Feature":[82],"Fusion":[83],"(termed":[84],"EMFF)":[85],"robustness.":[88,150],"Specifically,":[89],"our":[90,160],"EMFF":[91,162],"approach":[92],"introduces":[93],"evidential":[94,114],"deep":[95],"learning":[96],"help":[98],"quantify":[100],"belief":[102],"mass":[103],"uncertainty":[105],"Subsequently,":[110],"multi-feature":[113],"fusion":[115],"mechanism":[116],"based":[117],"Dempster's":[119],"rule":[120],"is":[121],"proposed":[122],"fuse":[124],"trusted":[126],"multiple":[129],"blocks":[130],"within":[131],"an":[132],"architecture,":[133],"which":[134],"further":[135],"helps":[136],"avoid":[138],"induction":[140],"manipulated":[144],"Comprehensive":[151],"experiments":[152],"confirm":[153],"compared":[155],"with":[156,204],"existing":[157],"techniques,":[159],"method":[163],"has":[164],"obvious":[165],"advantages":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"both":[170],"scenarios":[171],"white-box":[173],"black-box":[175],"attacks,":[176],"also":[178],"prove":[179],"integrating":[182],"into":[183],"several":[184],"training":[186],"strategies,":[187],"across":[194],"distinct":[195],"architectures,":[196],"including":[197],"traditional":[198],"CNNs":[199],"recent":[201],"vision":[202],"Transformers":[203],"few":[206],"extra":[207],"parameters":[208],"almost":[210],"same":[212],"cost.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}