{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414162310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3575756","title":"Open-CRB: Toward Open World Active Learning for 3D Object Detection","display_name":"Open-CRB: Toward Open World Active Learning for 3D Object Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414162310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3575756","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40938729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3575756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3575756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033319802","display_name":"Zhuoxiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-0109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoxiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-0109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063603492","display_name":"Yadan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-2971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727966","display_name":"Zixin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-7204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-7204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371707","display_name":"Zijian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-9620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-9620","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-4949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-4949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033319802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1277,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82297207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"10","first_page":"8336","last_page":"8350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.729200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-object","display_name":"Learning object","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.38850000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8166000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.729200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5863000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45840001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779542340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062461","display_name":"Learning object","level":2,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986563244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822310","display_name":"Learning to learn","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38785706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Interest point detection","level":5,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3575756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3575756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40938729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40938729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3885426237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP230101196","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6178463444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE240100105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6879244421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BA24006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7889722298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP240101814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W177188689","https://openalex.org/W2022349550","https://openalex.org/W2377213713","https://openalex.org/W2795267055","https://openalex.org/W4242732953","https://openalex.org/W4402405851","https://openalex.org/W3022089151","https://openalex.org/W3004249933","https://openalex.org/W2890745136","https://openalex.org/W2363532283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LiDAR-based":[0],"3D":[1,68,100,115,169,200,211],"object":[2,170],"detection":[3,116,191],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"seen":[6],"significant":[7],"advancements":[8],"through":[9],"active":[10,188],"learning":[11],"(AL),":[12],"attaining":[13],"satisfactory":[14],"performance":[15],"by":[16],"training":[17],"on":[18,149],"a":[19,56,87,125,174],"small":[20],"fraction":[21],"of":[22,43,128,198],"strategically":[23],"selected":[24],"point":[25,33,76],"clouds.":[26],"However,":[27],"in":[28,229],"real-world":[29],"deployments":[30],"where":[31],"streaming":[32],"clouds":[34,77],"may":[35],"include":[36],"unknown":[37],"or":[38],"novel":[39,99,232],"objects,":[40],"the":[41,114,119,139,145,153,222],"ability":[42],"current":[44],"AL":[45,132,163],"methods":[46,186],"to":[47,118,142,242],"capture":[48],"such":[49],"objects":[50,101],"remains":[51],"unexplored.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"investigates":[55],"more":[57],"practical":[58],"and":[59,180,192,205,208,216,227,233],"challenging":[60],"research":[61],"task:":[62],"Open":[63,93],"World":[64],"Active":[65],"Learning":[66],"for":[67,168,177],"Object":[69],"Detection":[70],"(OWAL-3D),":[71],"aimed":[72],"at":[73],"acquiring":[74],"informative":[75],"with":[78,102,123,138,160,236],"new":[79],"concepts.":[80],"To":[81],"tackle":[82],"this":[83],"challenge,":[84],"we":[85,151],"propose":[86],"simple":[88],"yet":[89],"effective":[90],"strategy":[91],"called":[92],"Label":[94],"Conciseness":[95],"(OLC),":[96],"which":[97,156],"mines":[98],"minimal":[103],"annotation":[104],"costs.":[105],"Our":[106],"empirical":[107],"results":[108],"show":[109],"that":[110,221],"OLC":[111,141,159],"successfully":[112],"adapts":[113],"model":[117],"open":[120,193],"world":[121,194],"scenario":[122],"just":[124],"single":[126],"round":[127],"selection.":[129],"Any":[130],"generic":[131],"policy":[133],"can":[134],"then":[135],"be":[136],"integrated":[137],"proposed":[140,223],"efficiently":[143],"address":[144],"OWAL-3D":[146],"problem.":[147],"Based":[148],"this,":[150],"introduce":[152],"Open-CRB":[154,224],"framework,":[155],"seamlessly":[157],"integrates":[158],"our":[161],"preliminary":[162],"method,":[164],"CRB,":[165],"designed":[166],"specifically":[167],"detection.":[171],"We":[172],"develop":[173],"comprehensive":[175],"codebase":[176],"easy":[178],"reproducing":[179],"future":[181],"research,":[182],"supporting":[183],"15":[184],"baseline":[185],"(i.e.,":[187,202,213],"learning,":[189],"out-of-distribution":[190],"detection),":[195],"2":[196],"types":[197],"modern":[199],"detectors":[201],"one-stage":[203],"SECOND":[204],"two-stage":[206],"PV-RCNN)":[207],"3":[209],"benchmark":[210],"datasets":[212],"KITTI,":[214],"nuScenes":[215],"Waymo).":[217],"Extensive":[218],"experiments":[219],"evidence":[220],"demonstrates":[225],"superiority":[226],"flexibility":[228],"recognizing":[230],"both":[231],"known":[234],"classes":[235],"very":[237],"limited":[238],"labeling":[239],"costs,":[240],"compared":[241],"state-of-the-art":[243],"baselines.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
