{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408841131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3554523","title":"Pushing the Limit of Post-Training Quantization","display_name":"Pushing the Limit of Post-Training Quantization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408841131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3554523","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40184295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3554523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3554523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048414655","display_name":"Ruihao Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-7086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihao Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-7086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024067284","display_name":"Xianglong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-4195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianglong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-4195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045846687","display_name":"Yuhang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-7253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-7253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yunqiang Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqiang Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109297769","display_name":"Xiuying Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuying Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039703932","display_name":"Jinyang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-3367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-3367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &#x0026; Critical Software Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex &amp; Critical Software Environment, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89381535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"7","first_page":"5556","last_page":"5570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7698000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.7698000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.05490000173449516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.05050000175833702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5826517343521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5256137251853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.49228230118751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4601268470287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.41328173875808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.393356591463089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3927454948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3210064768791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21925634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.17626038193702698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5826517343521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5256137251853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.49228230118751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4601268470287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41328173875808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.393356591463089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3927454948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3210064768791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21925634145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.17626038193702698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3554523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3554523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40184295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40184295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1970789124","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2468368736","https://openalex.org/W2884150179","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2912811302","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963367920","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963918968","https://openalex.org/W2981751377","https://openalex.org/W2982479999","https://openalex.org/W2998218113","https://openalex.org/W2998715470","https://openalex.org/W3004061291","https://openalex.org/W3028151507","https://openalex.org/W3034297393","https://openalex.org/W3034429256","https://openalex.org/W3034797615","https://openalex.org/W3034940165","https://openalex.org/W3048263222","https://openalex.org/W3096533519","https://openalex.org/W3166792421","https://openalex.org/W3173374050","https://openalex.org/W3174042481","https://openalex.org/W3175491384","https://openalex.org/W3177265267","https://openalex.org/W3182465333","https://openalex.org/W3202442802","https://openalex.org/W3204480651","https://openalex.org/W3215100485","https://openalex.org/W4313069943","https://openalex.org/W4389524393","https://openalex.org/W4393157124","https://openalex.org/W4402716225","https://openalex.org/W6608133726","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6678583879","https://openalex.org/W6683107984","https://openalex.org/W6690026940","https://openalex.org/W6726983090","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6736583452","https://openalex.org/W6738957339","https://openalex.org/W6739785051","https://openalex.org/W6740483536","https://openalex.org/W6749107692","https://openalex.org/W6760069825","https://openalex.org/W6761694480","https://openalex.org/W6767298317","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6770425567","https://openalex.org/W6771233102","https://openalex.org/W6773270737","https://openalex.org/W6776767859","https://openalex.org/W6779405248","https://openalex.org/W6779885597","https://openalex.org/W6783600611","https://openalex.org/W6784426856","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6788135622","https://openalex.org/W6789240164","https://openalex.org/W6795991173","https://openalex.org/W6796334829","https://openalex.org/W6797854001","https://openalex.org/W6799009007","https://openalex.org/W6810281471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2233261550","https://openalex.org/W2810751659","https://openalex.org/W258997015","https://openalex.org/W2997094352","https://openalex.org/W3216976533","https://openalex.org/W100620283","https://openalex.org/W2495260952","https://openalex.org/W4366179611","https://openalex.org/W2996078371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"post-training":[1],"quantization":[2,42,125],"(PTQ)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"the":[6,30,55,58,65,71,114,128,135,141],"de":[7],"facto":[8],"way":[9],"to":[10,27,64,79,99,120,146],"produce":[11],"efficient":[12],"low-precision":[13],"neural":[14,155],"networks":[15],"without":[16],"long-time":[17],"retraining.":[18],"Despite":[19],"its":[20],"low":[21],"cost,":[22],"current":[23],"PTQ":[24,144,173],"works":[25],"fail":[26,74],"succeed":[28],"under":[29],"extremely":[31,40],"low-bit":[32,41,61,76,177],"setting.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35,92,133],"work,":[36],"we":[37,68,94],"delve":[38],"into":[39],"and":[43,84,97,153,164,170,179],"construct":[44],"a":[45,108,122,187],"unified":[46],"theoretical":[47,66],"analysis,":[48],"which":[49,107],"provides":[50],"an":[51],"in-depth":[52],"understanding":[53],"of":[54,60,86,88,130,143],"reason":[56],"for":[57,159,190],"failure":[59],"quantization.":[62,90],"According":[63],"study,":[67],"argue":[69],"that":[70,138],"existing":[72],"methods":[73],"in":[75],"schemes":[77],"due":[78],"significant":[80],"perturbation":[81],"on":[82,106,150],"weights":[83],"lack":[85],"consideration":[87],"activation":[89],"To":[91,127],"end,":[93],"propose":[95],"Brecq":[96],"QDrop":[98],"respectively":[100],"solve":[101],"these":[102],"two":[103],"challenges,":[104],"based":[105],"Q-Limit":[109,115],"framework":[110,116,174],"is":[111,117,134],"constructed.":[112],"Then":[113],"further":[118],"extended":[119],"support":[121],"mixed":[123],"precision":[124],"scheme.":[126],"best":[129],"our":[131,172],"knowledge,":[132],"first":[136],"work":[137],"can":[139,175],"push":[140],"limit":[142],"down":[145],"INT2.":[147],"Extensive":[148],"experiments":[149],"various":[151],"handcrafted":[152],"searched":[154],"architectures":[156],"are":[157],"conducted":[158],"both":[160],"visual":[161],"recognition/detection":[162],"tasks":[163],"language":[165],"processing":[166],"tasks.":[167],"Without":[168],"bells":[169],"whistles,":[171],"attain":[176],"ResNet":[178],"MobileNetV2":[180],"comparable":[181],"with":[182],"quantization-aware":[183],"training":[184],"(QAT),":[185],"establishing":[186],"new":[188],"state-of-the-art":[189],"PTQ.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
