{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408564948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3552604","title":"Hulk: A Universal Knowledge Translator for Human-Centric Tasks","display_name":"Hulk: A Universal Knowledge Translator for Human-Centric Tasks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408564948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3552604","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40100657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3552604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3552604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119247526","display_name":"Yizhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6819-5872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yizhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103012570","display_name":"Yixuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-4903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101368879","display_name":"Weizhen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3505-0056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100953032","display_name":"Xun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9140-4724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101854976","display_name":"Feng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128910","display_name":"Group Sense (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/036wd5777","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727009","display_name":"Sensetime (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/049wsmj07","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SenseTime Group Ltd., Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SenseTime Group Ltd., Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727009","https://openalex.org/I4210128910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028486493","display_name":"Lei Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024522346","display_name":"Rui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128910","display_name":"Group Sense (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/036wd5777","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401727009","display_name":"Sensetime (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/049wsmj07","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401727009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["SenseTime Group Ltd., Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SenseTime Group Ltd., Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401727009","https://openalex.org/I4210128910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071068569","display_name":"Jian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3230-6392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100604494","display_name":"Tong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-9320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087818121","display_name":"Wanli Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-2761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030884047","display_name":"Shixiang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0067-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164862","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p590m36","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CA","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shixiang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CUHK Interdisciplinary Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CUHK Interdisciplinary Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119247526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87319639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"7","first_page":"5672","last_page":"5689"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.7423999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.7423999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7173225283622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5249878168106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4467419683933258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3977906107902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3313766419887543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7173225283622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5249878168106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4467419683933258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3977906107902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3313766419887543}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3552604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3552604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40100657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40100657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2013640163","https://openalex.org/W2101032778","https://openalex.org/W2286727787","https://openalex.org/W2313077179","https://openalex.org/W2598915960","https://openalex.org/W2750183885","https://openalex.org/W2768477045","https://openalex.org/W2792747672","https://openalex.org/W2886799640","https://openalex.org/W2888934629","https://openalex.org/W2895243423","https://openalex.org/W2895748257","https://openalex.org/W2897983179","https://openalex.org/W2898491875","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2944006115","https://openalex.org/W2948058585","https://openalex.org/W2956268511","https://openalex.org/W2963076818","https://openalex.org/W2963365374","https://openalex.org/W2963449390","https://openalex.org/W2964084369","https://openalex.org/W2964134613","https://openalex.org/W2964219767","https://openalex.org/W2981959899","https://openalex.org/W3003323579","https://openalex.org/W3035050855","https://openalex.org/W3035180180","https://openalex.org/W3035225512","https://openalex.org/W3035323039","https://openalex.org/W3093591919","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3106615203","https://openalex.org/W3113067059","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3162981594","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3175199633","https://openalex.org/W3175445198","https://openalex.org/W3176445421","https://openalex.org/W3198401611","https://openalex.org/W3200445214","https://openalex.org/W3203227473","https://openalex.org/W3203514840","https://openalex.org/W3203634062","https://openalex.org/W3203711169","https://openalex.org/W3203925315","https://openalex.org/W3215779040","https://openalex.org/W4214517305","https://openalex.org/W4214770715","https://openalex.org/W4214777631","https://openalex.org/W4221159372","https://openalex.org/W4226030517","https://openalex.org/W4226150890","https://openalex.org/W4280651158","https://openalex.org/W4283816693","https://openalex.org/W4287194206","https://openalex.org/W4288278931","https://openalex.org/W4292794840","https://openalex.org/W4292964465","https://openalex.org/W4312245820","https://openalex.org/W4312260328","https://openalex.org/W4312446817","https://openalex.org/W4312518484","https://openalex.org/W4312595848","https://openalex.org/W4312680644","https://openalex.org/W4312685069","https://openalex.org/W4312799843","https://openalex.org/W4312923619","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4376643844","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385489997","https://openalex.org/W4385574358","https://openalex.org/W4385767807","https://openalex.org/W4386071686","https://openalex.org/W4386071707","https://openalex.org/W4386076097","https://openalex.org/W4386076112","https://openalex.org/W4386076164","https://openalex.org/W4386076305","https://openalex.org/W4386076391","https://openalex.org/W4386076618","https://openalex.org/W4386076702","https://openalex.org/W4386220113","https://openalex.org/W4387087234","https://openalex.org/W4387968308","https://openalex.org/W4388284323","https://openalex.org/W4390190334","https://openalex.org/W4390872476","https://openalex.org/W4390872544","https://openalex.org/W4390873156","https://openalex.org/W4390873496","https://openalex.org/W4390873795","https://openalex.org/W4390874423","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4393153655","https://openalex.org/W4401043272","https://openalex.org/W4401907088","https://openalex.org/W4402660160","https://openalex.org/W4402716223","https://openalex.org/W4402754035","https://openalex.org/W4403778769","https://openalex.org/W4410536678","https://openalex.org/W6750697433","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6786756185","https://openalex.org/W6790273669","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6793776403","https://openalex.org/W6796581206","https://openalex.org/W6799178971","https://openalex.org/W6803650990","https://openalex.org/W6809664228","https://openalex.org/W6809988227","https://openalex.org/W6811013733","https://openalex.org/W6839015040","https://openalex.org/W6839091850","https://openalex.org/W6844432065","https://openalex.org/W6849162881","https://openalex.org/W6849177959","https://openalex.org/W6850625674","https://openalex.org/W6851592950","https://openalex.org/W6851948999","https://openalex.org/W6852447913","https://openalex.org/W6853244215","https://openalex.org/W6853264062","https://openalex.org/W6854262950","https://openalex.org/W6856576219","https://openalex.org/W6857577164","https://openalex.org/W6858327864","https://openalex.org/W6891730065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human-centric":[0],"perception":[1,40],"tasks,":[2],"e.g.,":[3,120,128],"pedestrian":[4],"detection,":[5],"skeleton-based":[6],"action":[7],"recognition,":[8],"and":[9,19,55,60,73,96,122,144],"pose":[10],"estimation,":[11],"have":[12,47],"wide":[13,164],"industrial":[14],"applications,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,157],"metaverse":[18],"sports":[20],"analysis.":[21],"There":[22],"is":[23,107],"a":[24,35,163],"recent":[25],"surge":[26],"to":[27,69,104,152],"develop":[28],"human-centric":[29,39,44,59,85,155,177],"foundation":[30,45],"models":[31,46],"that":[32],"can":[33,136],"benefit":[34],"broad":[36],"range":[37,165],"of":[38,89,133,166,170,182],"tasks.":[41,167],"While":[42],"many":[43],"achieved":[48],"success,":[49],"they":[50],"did":[51],"not":[52],"explore":[53],"3D":[54,93],"vision-language":[56,97],"tasks":[57,72,98,156,178],"for":[58,117,125],"required":[61],"task-specific":[62,100,110],"finetuning.":[63,101],"These":[64],"limitations":[65],"restrict":[66],"their":[67],"application":[68],"more":[70],"downstream":[71],"situations.":[74],"To":[75],"tackle":[76],"these":[77],"problems,":[78],"we":[79],"present":[80],"Hulk,":[81],"the":[82,123,180],"first":[83],"multimodal":[84],"generalist":[86],"model,":[87],"capable":[88],"addressing":[90],"2D":[91],"vision,":[92,94],"skeleton-based,":[95],"without":[99],"The":[102,131],"key":[103],"achieving":[105,186],"this":[106],"condensing":[108],"various":[109],"heads":[111,135],"into":[112,140],"two":[113,134],"general":[114],"heads,":[115],"one":[116],"discrete":[118],"representations,":[119,127],"languages,":[121],"other":[124],"continuous":[126],"location":[129],"coordinates.":[130],"outputs":[132],"be":[137],"further":[138],"stacked":[139],"four":[141],"distinct":[142],"input":[143],"output":[145],"modalities.":[146],"This":[147],"uniform":[148],"representation":[149],"enables":[150],"Hulk":[151,171],"treat":[153],"diverse":[154],"modality":[158],"translation,":[159],"integrating":[160],"knowledge":[161],"across":[162],"Comprehensive":[168],"evaluations":[169],"on":[172],"12":[173],"benchmarks":[174],"covering":[175],"8":[176],"demonstrate":[179],"superiority":[181],"our":[183],"proposed":[184],"method,":[185],"state-of-the-art":[187],"performance":[188],"in":[189],"11":[190],"benchmarks.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}