{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407937849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","title":"Gauging-: A Non-Parametric Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm","display_name":"Gauging-: A Non-Parametric Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407937849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100514887","display_name":"Jinli Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinli Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-3776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117501311","display_name":"Jie Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-1756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-1756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077949115","display_name":"Yong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-271X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-271X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100514887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97437529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"6","first_page":"4897","last_page":"4907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6609152555465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.613194465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5373889803886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.5175613760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5107955932617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47250139713287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4240632653236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4023744761943817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2114395797252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09567943215370178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6609152555465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.613194465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5373889803886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.5175613760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5107955932617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47250139713287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4240632653236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4023744761943817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2114395797252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09567943215370178}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2025.3545573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151377110","https://openalex.org/W1841961408","https://openalex.org/W1972969203","https://openalex.org/W1988907089","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2011832962","https://openalex.org/W2034887891","https://openalex.org/W2109358973","https://openalex.org/W2120636855","https://openalex.org/W2125464731","https://openalex.org/W2130851950","https://openalex.org/W2135674549","https://openalex.org/W2153233077","https://openalex.org/W2165835468","https://openalex.org/W2295256067","https://openalex.org/W2577114821","https://openalex.org/W2904965361","https://openalex.org/W2922389095","https://openalex.org/W2922743171","https://openalex.org/W2966530783","https://openalex.org/W2982673782","https://openalex.org/W2990019974","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3017433385","https://openalex.org/W3043997312","https://openalex.org/W3082753413","https://openalex.org/W3121355289","https://openalex.org/W3136737181","https://openalex.org/W3137464903","https://openalex.org/W3159303776","https://openalex.org/W3196469142","https://openalex.org/W3202302059","https://openalex.org/W4213418104","https://openalex.org/W4312387594","https://openalex.org/W4322706755","https://openalex.org/W4385757408","https://openalex.org/W4406891765","https://openalex.org/W6668990524","https://openalex.org/W6678914141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W1926736923","https://openalex.org/W2158836806","https://openalex.org/W2393816671","https://openalex.org/W2083665254","https://openalex.org/W3200375535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,66],"development":[1],"of":[2,22,69,88,103,120],"a":[3,11,29,43,49],"nonparametric":[4,44],"and":[5,40,91,125],"versatile":[6],"clustering":[7,24,129],"algorithm":[8,47],"has":[9],"been":[10],"longstanding":[12],"challenge":[13],"in":[14,42,108],"unsupervised":[15],"learning":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18],"the":[19,23,72,85,89,101,104,118],"exploratory":[20],"nature":[21],"problem.":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27],"presents":[28],"novel":[30],"algorithm,":[31,106],"named":[32],"Gauging-$\\delta$\u03b4,":[33],"which":[34,76],"can":[35,63],"handle":[36],"diverse":[37],"cluster":[38],"shapes":[39],"operate":[41],"manner.":[45],"employs":[48],"hierarchical":[50],"merging":[51],"process":[52],"that":[53],"starts":[54],"from":[55],"individual":[56],"data":[57,123],"points":[58],"until":[59],"no":[60],"further":[61],"clusters":[62,81,90],"be":[64],"merged.":[65],"central":[67],"component":[68],"Gauging-$\\delta$\u03b4":[70],"is":[71],"adaptive":[73],"mergeability":[74],"function,":[75],"progressively":[77],"determines":[78],"if":[79],"two":[80],"are":[82],"mergeable":[83],"considering":[84],"perceptual":[86],"statistics":[87],"their":[92],"environment.":[93],"Empirical":[94],"evaluations":[95],"on":[96,114,128],"105":[97],"synthetic":[98],"datasets":[99,116],"demonstrate":[100],"superiority":[102],"proposed":[105],"particularly":[107],"accurately":[109],"handling":[110],"well-separated":[111],"clusters.":[112],"Experiments":[113],"real-world":[115],"highlight":[117],"impact":[119],"selecting":[121],"appropriate":[122],"features":[124],"distance":[126],"metrics":[127],"results.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-02-26T00:00:00"}