{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405488684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3518595","title":"Fast Semi-Supervised Learning on Large Graphs: An Improved Green-Function Method","display_name":"Fast Semi-Supervised Learning on Large Graphs: An Improved Green-Function Method","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405488684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3518595","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3518595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3518595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003222421","display_name":"Feiping Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-6519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feiping Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011058098","display_name":"Y. J. Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7800-7199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101979335","display_name":"Wei Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-5462"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x2019;an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x2019;an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030351224","display_name":"Rong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-6726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943753","display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics (iOPEN), School of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752","https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003222421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I890469752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73879593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"3","first_page":"2055","last_page":"2070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6719537973403931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6290478706359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4849863052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4645378887653351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43906867504119873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6719537973403931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6290478706359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4849863052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4645378887653351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43906867504119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3518595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3518595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40030723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388360275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62236001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6873721585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1630959083","https://openalex.org/W1966949944","https://openalex.org/W1969198379","https://openalex.org/W1974511160","https://openalex.org/W1989368986","https://openalex.org/W2026209543","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2100659887","https://openalex.org/W2113590298","https://openalex.org/W2132709984","https://openalex.org/W2136504847","https://openalex.org/W2141100699","https://openalex.org/W2143667634","https://openalex.org/W2171898484","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2238226741","https://openalex.org/W2288628559","https://openalex.org/W2494834885","https://openalex.org/W2520742745","https://openalex.org/W2577472518","https://openalex.org/W2604983939","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W2735797020","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2891774563","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921677257","https://openalex.org/W2946643086","https://openalex.org/W2966415767","https://openalex.org/W2997701990","https://openalex.org/W3002559994","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4212899342","https://openalex.org/W4385891218","https://openalex.org/W6629858893","https://openalex.org/W6635184699","https://openalex.org/W6636599907","https://openalex.org/W6675747103","https://openalex.org/W6676772307","https://openalex.org/W6680140577","https://openalex.org/W6680434193","https://openalex.org/W6682494755","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6762913911","https://openalex.org/W6765939562","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W7034449035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,16,20,52,60,65,88,113,138,145],"graph-based":[2],"semi-supervised":[3],"learning,":[4],"Green-function":[6,66,89],"method":[7,11,34,50,61,67,90,118],"is":[8,62],"a":[9,41,48,92,104],"classical":[10],"that":[12],"works":[13],"by":[14],"computing":[15],"Green's":[17,153],"function":[18,154],"in":[19],"graph":[21],"space.":[22],"However,":[23],"when":[24],"applied":[25],"to":[26,64,85,107,130],"large":[27,95,135],"graphs,":[28,59,82],"especially":[29],"those":[30],"sparse":[31,96],"ones,":[32],"this":[33,100],"performs":[35],"unstably":[36],"and":[37,46,68,127,144,148],"unsatisfactorily.":[38],"We":[39],"make":[40],"detailed":[42],"analysis":[43],"on":[44,79,94,134],"it":[45,83],"propose":[47,103],"novel":[49],"from":[51],"perspective":[53],"of":[54,150],"optimization.":[55],"On":[56],"fully":[57],"connected":[58,81],"equivalent":[63],"can":[69,119],"be":[70],"seen":[71],"as":[72],"another":[73],"interpretation":[74],"with":[75],"physical":[76],"meanings,":[77],"while":[78],"non-fully":[80],"helps":[84],"explain":[86],"why":[87],"causes":[91],"mess":[93],"graphs.":[97,136],"To":[98],"solve":[99],"dilemma,":[101],"we":[102],"workable":[105],"approach":[106],"improve":[108],"our":[109,116,142,151],"proposed":[110],"method.":[111,155],"Unlike":[112],"original":[114],"method,":[115],"improved":[117,152],"also":[120],"apply":[121],"two":[122],"accelerating":[123],"techniques,":[124],"Gaussian":[125],"Elimination,":[126],"Anchored":[128],"Graphs":[129],"become":[131],"more":[132],"efficient":[133],"Finally,":[137],"extensive":[139],"experiments":[140],"prove":[141],"conclusions":[143],"efficiency,":[146],"accuracy,":[147],"stability":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
