{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402402031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3457856","title":"Deep Single Image Defocus Deblurring via Gaussian Kernel Mixture Learning","display_name":"Deep Single Image Defocus Deblurring via Gaussian Kernel Mixture Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402402031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3457856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39255177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3457856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3457856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038130835","display_name":"Yuhui Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-7703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-7703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086331698","display_name":"Zicong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9794-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zicong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037627177","display_name":"Ruotao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-9859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruotao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-9859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030046423","display_name":"Hui Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1674-6056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1674-6056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94340919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"12","first_page":"11361","last_page":"11377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deblurring","display_name":"Deblurring","score":0.9520204067230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7256613373756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7012823224067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6683308482170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.606410801410675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5074207186698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5016200542449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49431371688842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.45743635296821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-photography","display_name":"Computational photography","score":0.43452948331832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3368649482727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.22930729389190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2243044376373291}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053743","display_name":"Deblurring","level":5,"score":0.9520204067230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7256613373756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7012823224067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6683308482170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.606410801410675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5074207186698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5016200542449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49431371688842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.45743635296821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146044194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157334","display_name":"Computational photography","level":4,"score":0.43452948331832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3368649482727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.22930729389190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2243044376373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3457856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3457856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39255177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39255177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1263083699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"x2jsD2230220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2565906561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011755","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3410818599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5836622010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6434574764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7693847685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515012841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1916731006","https://openalex.org/W2025900737","https://openalex.org/W2035773017","https://openalex.org/W2054203848","https://openalex.org/W2059639161","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2276154416","https://openalex.org/W2552111036","https://openalex.org/W2554853464","https://openalex.org/W2560533888","https://openalex.org/W2767829160","https://openalex.org/W2776097932","https://openalex.org/W2784344583","https://openalex.org/W2798405286","https://openalex.org/W2798735168","https://openalex.org/W2925753896","https://openalex.org/W2955192444","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963819848","https://openalex.org/W2964030969","https://openalex.org/W2969717429","https://openalex.org/W3002421716","https://openalex.org/W3008618604","https://openalex.org/W3023341321","https://openalex.org/W3034347085","https://openalex.org/W3034681889","https://openalex.org/W3089001403","https://openalex.org/W3107405705","https://openalex.org/W3109494165","https://openalex.org/W3118490733","https://openalex.org/W3120017898","https://openalex.org/W3127516991","https://openalex.org/W3131941118","https://openalex.org/W3174970555","https://openalex.org/W3175200587","https://openalex.org/W3192778027","https://openalex.org/W3202040256","https://openalex.org/W3212022416","https://openalex.org/W4200462364","https://openalex.org/W4214810407","https://openalex.org/W4229862590","https://openalex.org/W4280554994","https://openalex.org/W4307771774","https://openalex.org/W4312432424","https://openalex.org/W4312585709","https://openalex.org/W4312812783","https://openalex.org/W4382465211","https://openalex.org/W4386066381","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6681807782","https://openalex.org/W6717870063","https://openalex.org/W6803427635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031788393","https://openalex.org/W791927757","https://openalex.org/W2182590612","https://openalex.org/W2905397092","https://openalex.org/W3034770329","https://openalex.org/W4220831754","https://openalex.org/W2089488370","https://openalex.org/W3153582293","https://openalex.org/W2269775642","https://openalex.org/W3080537281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,95,148],"end-to-end":[4],"deep":[5,100],"learning":[6],"approach":[7,40],"for":[8],"removing":[9],"defocus":[10,59,71,171],"blur":[11,18],"from":[12,151],"a":[13,20,28,46,76,99,110,128,133,152],"single":[14],"defocused":[15,153],"image.":[16],"Defocus":[17],"is":[19,65,105],"common":[21],"issue":[22],"in":[23,70,85,123,141,174,182],"digital":[24],"photography":[25],"that":[26,81],"poses":[27],"challenge":[29,43],"due":[30],"to":[31,53,89,137],"its":[32],"spatially-varying":[33,58],"and":[34,187],"large":[35],"blurring":[36],"effect.":[37],"The":[38],"proposed":[39],"addresses":[41],"this":[42],"by":[44,67,108],"employing":[45],"pixel-wise":[47],"Gaussian":[48],"kernel":[49],"mixture":[50],"(GKM)":[51],"model":[52,80,185],"accurately":[54],"yet":[55],"compactly":[56],"parameterize":[57],"point":[60],"spread":[61],"functions":[62],"(PSFs),":[63],"which":[64,118],"motivated":[66],"the":[68,83,91,120,139,143,167],"isotropy":[69],"PSFs.":[72],"We":[73],"further":[74],"propose":[75],"grouped":[77],"GKM":[78],"(GGKM)":[79],"decouples":[82],"coefficients":[84,140],"GKM,":[86],"so":[87],"as":[88,177,179],"improve":[90],"modeling":[92],"accuracy":[93],"with":[94,132,159],"economic":[96],"manner.":[97],"Afterward,":[98],"neural":[101],"network":[102],"called":[103],"GGKMNet":[104,144,168],"then":[106],"developed":[107],"unrolling":[109,125],"fixed-point":[111],"iteration":[112],"process":[113],"of":[114,184],"GGKM-based":[115],"image":[116,150],"deblurring,":[117],"avoids":[119],"efficiency":[121],"issues":[122],"existing":[124,170],"DNNs.":[126],"Using":[127],"lightweight":[129],"scale-recurrent":[130],"architecture":[131],"coarse-to-fine":[134],"estimation":[135],"scheme":[136],"predict":[138],"GGKM,":[142],"can":[145],"efficiently":[146],"recover":[147],"all-in-focus":[149],"one.":[154],"Such":[155],"advantages":[156,181],"are":[157],"demonstrated":[158],"extensive":[160],"experiments":[161],"on":[162],"five":[163],"benchmark":[164],"datasets,":[165],"where":[166],"outperforms":[169],"deblurring":[172],"methods":[173],"restoration":[175],"quality,":[176],"well":[178],"showing":[180],"terms":[183],"complexity":[186],"computational":[188],"efficiency.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
