{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401328702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3438154","title":"Gradient Harmonization in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation","display_name":"Gradient Harmonization in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401328702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3438154","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39102327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3438154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3438154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028808297","display_name":"Fuxiang Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuxiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109928695","display_name":"Suqi Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suqi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106578837","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-8543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94708509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"12","first_page":"10319","last_page":"10336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9347000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6856656670570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6849153637886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonization","display_name":"Harmonization","score":0.6373127698898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6196933388710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.528587818145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.449869841337204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.4464240074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43869221210479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.43403416872024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4272424578666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.42154181003570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4204578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1794249415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.14211207628250122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6856656670570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6849153637886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.6373127698898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6196933388710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.528587818145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.449869841337204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.4464240074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43869221210479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.43403416872024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4272424578666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.42154181003570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4204578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1794249415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.14211207628250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3438154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3438154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39102327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39102327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5217806235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5616526104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3100800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565327149","https://openalex.org/W1614862348","https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W2001610032","https://openalex.org/W2060727197","https://openalex.org/W2096943734","https://openalex.org/W2100659887","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2141581971","https://openalex.org/W2164943005","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2326626448","https://openalex.org/W2329664094","https://openalex.org/W2341914330","https://openalex.org/W2478454054","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2627183927","https://openalex.org/W2766897166","https://openalex.org/W2798377719","https://openalex.org/W2798681837","https://openalex.org/W2803732898","https://openalex.org/W2805548989","https://openalex.org/W2904706552","https://openalex.org/W2904707880","https://openalex.org/W2905544595","https://openalex.org/W2953350408","https://openalex.org/W2962687275","https://openalex.org/W2962824366","https://openalex.org/W2963430933","https://openalex.org/W2963532621","https://openalex.org/W2963877604","https://openalex.org/W2967691516","https://openalex.org/W2978573218","https://openalex.org/W2979920800","https://openalex.org/W2980096013","https://openalex.org/W2981720610","https://openalex.org/W2982204955","https://openalex.org/W2991405316","https://openalex.org/W2992062578","https://openalex.org/W2997310315","https://openalex.org/W2998043922","https://openalex.org/W3018638193","https://openalex.org/W3034591020","https://openalex.org/W3034738317","https://openalex.org/W3035256099","https://openalex.org/W3035297522","https://openalex.org/W3035456997","https://openalex.org/W3035576098","https://openalex.org/W3035743198","https://openalex.org/W3085046840","https://openalex.org/W3087144073","https://openalex.org/W3095697905","https://openalex.org/W3131163951","https://openalex.org/W3175481246","https://openalex.org/W3176602994","https://openalex.org/W3177316921","https://openalex.org/W3181127262","https://openalex.org/W3181434681","https://openalex.org/W3196024568","https://openalex.org/W3199890178","https://openalex.org/W3203745213","https://openalex.org/W4206453098","https://openalex.org/W4210743024","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285295485","https://openalex.org/W4312792979","https://openalex.org/W4313069894","https://openalex.org/W4319299795","https://openalex.org/W4385801076","https://openalex.org/W4386075489","https://openalex.org/W6633949838","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6683633756","https://openalex.org/W6686583229","https://openalex.org/W6687400500","https://openalex.org/W6713955831","https://openalex.org/W6720691552","https://openalex.org/W6725448924","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6745995898","https://openalex.org/W6746171285","https://openalex.org/W6746282794","https://openalex.org/W6750109254","https://openalex.org/W6754005058","https://openalex.org/W6761139768","https://openalex.org/W6762753787","https://openalex.org/W6763066025","https://openalex.org/W6771876938","https://openalex.org/W6779345118","https://openalex.org/W6783566936","https://openalex.org/W6790935598","https://openalex.org/W6803156713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2006073222","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2488916264","https://openalex.org/W4394775207","https://openalex.org/W4312246223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsupervised":[0],"domain":[1,12,39,88],"adaptation":[2],"(UDA)":[3],"intends":[4],"to":[5,13,83,107,130,156,205],"transfer":[6],"knowledge":[7],"from":[8,103,132,152,170],"a":[9,49,121,157,188],"labeled":[10],"source":[11],"an":[14,104,108,141,153,194],"unlabeled":[15],"target":[16],"domain.":[17],"Many":[18],"current":[19],"methods":[20,46],"focus":[21],"on":[22,197],"learning":[23],"feature":[24],"representations":[25],"that":[26,223],"are":[27,203],"both":[28,128],"discriminative":[29],"for":[30,176],"classification":[31,42,91],"and":[32,41,70,81,90,115,179,207,219],"invariant":[33],"across":[34],"domains":[35],"by":[36,95],"simultaneously":[37],"optimizing":[38],"alignment":[40,89],"tasks.":[43,92],"However,":[44],"these":[45,56],"often":[47],"overlook":[48],"crucial":[50],"challenge:":[51],"the":[52,85,97,113,117,147,164,171,183,198,224],"inherent":[53],"conflict":[54,86,114,165],"between":[55,87,100,150],"two":[57,72,118],"tasks":[58,102,119,129,151],"during":[59],"gradient-based":[60],"optimization.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63,68,125],"paper,":[64],"we":[65,181],"delve":[66],"into":[67,187,212],"issue":[69],"introduce":[71],"effective":[73],"solutions":[74],"known":[75],"as":[76],"Gradient":[77],"Harmonization,":[78],"including":[79],"GH":[80,93],"GH++,":[82,144],"mitigate":[84],"operates":[94],"altering":[96],"gradient":[98,148,173,184],"angle":[99,106,149,155],"different":[101],"obtuse":[105,154],"acute":[109],"angle,":[110],"thus":[111,138],"resolving":[112],"trade-offing":[116],"in":[120],"coordinated":[122],"manner.":[123],"Yet,":[124],"would":[126],"cause":[127],"deviate":[131],"their":[133],"original":[134,172],"optimization":[135,177],"directions.":[136,174],"We":[137],"further":[139],"propose":[140],"improved":[142],"version,":[143],"which":[145],"adjusts":[146],"vertical":[158],"angle.":[159],"This":[160],"not":[161,227],"only":[162,228],"eliminates":[163],"but":[166,233],"also":[167,234],"minimizes":[168],"deviation":[169],"Finally,":[175],"convenience":[178],"efficiency,":[180],"evolve":[182],"harmonization":[185],"strategies":[186],"dynamically":[189],"weighted":[190],"loss":[191],"function":[192],"using":[193],"integral":[195],"operator":[196],"harmonized":[199],"gradient.":[200],"Notably,":[201],"GH/GH++":[202],"orthogonal":[204],"UDA":[206,215,231],"can":[208],"be":[209],"seamlessly":[210],"integrated":[211],"most":[213],"existing":[214],"models.":[216,238],"Theoretical":[217],"insights":[218],"experimental":[220],"analyses":[221],"demonstrate":[222],"proposed":[225],"approaches":[226],"enhance":[229],"popular":[230],"baselines":[232],"improve":[235],"recent":[236],"state-of-the-art":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
