{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401070665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3434974","title":"QKSAN: A Quantum Kernel Self-Attention Network","display_name":"QKSAN: A Quantum Kernel Self-Attention Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401070665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3434974","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39074010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3434974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3434974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101849453","display_name":"Ren-Xin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South Univerisity, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South Univerisity, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068084016","display_name":"Jinjing Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-3340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinjing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Central South Univerisity, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-3340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Central South Univerisity, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943753","display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence (TeleAI), China Telecom Corp Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China","School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-946X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence (TeleAI), China Telecom Corp Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, OPtics and ElectroNics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.4776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99350078,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"12","first_page":"10184","last_page":"10195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6279736757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5468395352363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5278422832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.43359988927841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35679304599761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25299203395843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.14533379673957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11276361346244812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6279736757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5468395352363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5278422832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.43359988927841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35679304599761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25299203395843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.14533379673957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11276361346244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3434974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3434974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39074010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39074010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G10445490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5181338715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023JJ10078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330215","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330215","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069525126","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2765954565","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2972032089","https://openalex.org/W2983693499","https://openalex.org/W2983902802","https://openalex.org/W3037687232","https://openalex.org/W3090365491","https://openalex.org/W3121141908","https://openalex.org/W3147993824","https://openalex.org/W3172509117","https://openalex.org/W3174656926","https://openalex.org/W3179283362","https://openalex.org/W3184004267","https://openalex.org/W3195877990","https://openalex.org/W3198096180","https://openalex.org/W3201585847","https://openalex.org/W3206516380","https://openalex.org/W3207479555","https://openalex.org/W3208535570","https://openalex.org/W3209698263","https://openalex.org/W3211598836","https://openalex.org/W3213484722","https://openalex.org/W3214862327","https://openalex.org/W4244502008","https://openalex.org/W4285390635","https://openalex.org/W4293812013","https://openalex.org/W4296126438","https://openalex.org/W4296339430","https://openalex.org/W4302010812","https://openalex.org/W4312611884","https://openalex.org/W4313476697","https://openalex.org/W4318975179","https://openalex.org/W4323567911","https://openalex.org/W4366087273","https://openalex.org/W4372349802","https://openalex.org/W4375928920","https://openalex.org/W4379878597","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385556047","https://openalex.org/W4386590117","https://openalex.org/W4387879465","https://openalex.org/W4402618489","https://openalex.org/W6634007516","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6795567358","https://openalex.org/W6796592732","https://openalex.org/W6840168722","https://openalex.org/W6996178258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,185],"Self-Attention":[1,57,85,125],"Mechanism":[2,58],"(SAM)":[3],"excels":[4],"at":[5],"distilling":[6],"important":[7],"information":[8,37,76,139],"from":[9],"the":[10,16,29,33,51,64,74,97,122,142,167,182,191,195,217],"interior":[11],"of":[12,19,36,68,79,109,199,230],"data":[13,65,231],"to":[14,31,62,106,136,157,223],"improve":[15],"computational":[17],"efficiency":[18],"models.":[20,213],"Nevertheless,":[21],"many":[22],"Quantum":[23,55,69,83,123],"Machine":[24],"Learning":[25],"(QML)":[26],"models":[27],"lack":[28],"ability":[30,178],"distinguish":[32],"intrinsic":[34],"connections":[35],"like":[38],"SAM,":[39],"which":[40,94],"limits":[41],"their":[42],"effectiveness":[43],"on":[44,92,151,161,181,227],"massive":[45,228],"high-dimensional":[46],"quantum":[47,110,221,239],"data.":[48],"To":[49],"tackle":[50],"above":[52],"issue,":[53],"a":[54,82],"Kernel":[56,70,84,124],"(QKSAM)":[59],"is":[60,89,134,189],"introduced":[61],"combine":[63],"representation":[66],"merit":[67],"Methods":[71],"(QKM)":[72],"with":[73,128,205],"efficient":[75],"extraction":[77],"capability":[78],"SAM.":[80],"Further,":[81],"Network":[86],"(QKSAN)":[87],"framework":[88],"proposed":[90],"based":[91],"QKSAM,":[93],"ingeniously":[95],"incorporates":[96],"Deferred":[98],"Measurement":[99],"Principle":[100],"(DMP)":[101],"and":[102,119,140,153,163,170,176],"conditional":[103],"measurement":[104,143],"techniques":[105],"release":[107],"half":[108],"resources":[111],"by":[112],"mid-circuit":[113],"measurement,":[114],"thereby":[115],"bolstering":[116],"both":[117],"feasibility":[118],"adaptability.":[120],"Simultaneously,":[121],"Score":[126],"(QKSAS)":[127],"an":[129],"exponentially":[130],"large":[131],"characterization":[132],"space":[133],"spawned":[135],"accommodate":[137],"more":[138],"determine":[141],"conditions.":[144],"Eventually,":[145],"four":[146],"QKSAN":[147,192,215],"sub-models":[148],"are":[149,179],"deployed":[150],"PennyLane":[152],"IBM":[154],"Qiskit":[155],"platforms":[156],"perform":[158,224],"binary":[159],"classification":[160],"MNIST":[162],"Fashion":[164],"MNIST,":[165],"where":[166],"QKSAS":[168],"tests":[169],"correlation":[171],"assessments":[172],"between":[173],"noise":[174],"immunity":[175],"learning":[177,197,212,226],"executed":[180],"best-performing":[183],"sub-model.":[184],"paramount":[186],"experimental":[187],"finding":[188],"that":[190],"subclasses":[193],"possess":[194],"potential":[196],"advantage":[198],"acquiring":[200],"impressive":[201],"accuracies":[202],"exceeding":[203],"98.05%":[204],"far":[206],"fewer":[207],"parameters":[208],"than":[209],"classical":[210],"machine":[211,225],"Predictably,":[214],"lays":[216],"foundation":[218],"for":[219],"future":[220],"computers":[222],"amounts":[229],"while":[232],"driving":[233],"advances":[234],"in":[235],"areas":[236],"such":[237],"as":[238],"computer":[240],"vision.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
