{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399728379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3415387","title":"CC4S: Encouraging Certainty and Consistency in Scribble-Supervised Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"CC4S: Encouraging Certainty and Consistency in Scribble-Supervised Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399728379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3415387","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38885110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3415387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3415387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023015161","display_name":"Zhiyi Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-0349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Jinan, China","Shandong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haochen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3777-8729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haochen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Jinan, China","Shandong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-7940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Jinan, China","Shandong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447691","display_name":"Ge Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0140-0949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128628","display_name":"Peking University Shenzhen Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03kkjyb15","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128628"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087472282","display_name":"Changhe Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-3392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhe Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University, Jinan, China","Shandong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061469520","display_name":"Haibin Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-8413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","Stony Brook University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023015161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91233155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"12","first_page":"8918","last_page":"8935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7180742025375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7138112783432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6780076622962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certainty","display_name":"Certainty","score":0.6766912341117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6088933944702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5170584321022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3934853971004486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3838028013706207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3749780058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.349801242351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1660822629928589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7180742025375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7138112783432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6780076622962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.6766912341117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6088933944702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5170584321022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3934853971004486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3838028013706207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3749780058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.349801242351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1660822629928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3415387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3415387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38885110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38885110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4748399627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022MF265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7015702209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611457968","https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1495267108","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1964884769","https://openalex.org/W1971410590","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2116719896","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2125215748","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2161185676","https://openalex.org/W2167388493","https://openalex.org/W2168804568","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2201780148","https://openalex.org/W2221898772","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2337429362","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2507296351","https://openalex.org/W2552414813","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2598666589","https://openalex.org/W2600144439","https://openalex.org/W2755136704","https://openalex.org/W2798376494","https://openalex.org/W2798748179","https://openalex.org/W2799124825","https://openalex.org/W2883929025","https://openalex.org/W2896435145","https://openalex.org/W2901877651","https://openalex.org/W2956648669","https://openalex.org/W2962758679","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963072534","https://openalex.org/W2963198662","https://openalex.org/W2963299740","https://openalex.org/W2963342403","https://openalex.org/W2963687373","https://openalex.org/W2963838390","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2966037847","https://openalex.org/W2980189057","https://openalex.org/W2982093251","https://openalex.org/W2995808743","https://openalex.org/W2997851315","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3034333089","https://openalex.org/W3034373787","https://openalex.org/W3034930876","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3035703639","https://openalex.org/W3035739565","https://openalex.org/W3132851869","https://openalex.org/W3159637683","https://openalex.org/W3164772195","https://openalex.org/W3167017747","https://openalex.org/W3170128766","https://openalex.org/W3175308890","https://openalex.org/W3176692018","https://openalex.org/W3203495808","https://openalex.org/W4205168651","https://openalex.org/W4214714094","https://openalex.org/W4301366318","https://openalex.org/W4310593159","https://openalex.org/W4313151123","https://openalex.org/W4366976290","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6632360823","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6743070423","https://openalex.org/W6751797983","https://openalex.org/W6764051988","https://openalex.org/W6764386676","https://openalex.org/W6767881702","https://openalex.org/W6789782624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2418227039","https://openalex.org/W2387971622","https://openalex.org/W1559214593","https://openalex.org/W2141935323","https://openalex.org/W2418299857","https://openalex.org/W2466655349","https://openalex.org/W2348150032","https://openalex.org/W2266786133","https://openalex.org/W2499231147","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning-based":[1],"solutions":[2,83],"have":[3,32],"achieved":[4],"impressive":[5],"performance":[6,233],"in":[7,77,166],"semantic":[8,127],"segmentation":[9],"but":[10],"often":[11],"require":[12],"large":[13],"amounts":[14],"of":[15,27,56,87,161],"training":[16,92,152],"data":[17],"with":[18,132,221],"fine-grained":[19],"annotations.":[20],"To":[21,73,146],"alleviate":[22],"such":[23],"requisition,":[24],"a":[25,42,64,111,133],"variety":[26],"weakly":[28],"supervised":[29,238],"annotation":[30,49],"strategies":[31],"been":[33],"proposed,":[34],"among":[35],"which":[36,129],"scribble":[37,57],"supervision":[38,246],"is":[39],"emerging":[40],"as":[41,215],"popular":[43],"one":[44],"due":[45],"to":[46,62,66,96,106,119,138,142,205,234],"its":[47],"user-friendly":[48],"way.":[50],"However,":[51],"the":[52,85,116,140,155,159,162,167,178,182,188,196,208,212,219],"sparsity":[53],"and":[54,69,91,99,153,185,199,217,240],"diversity":[55],"annotations":[58],"make":[59,120],"it":[60],"nontrivial":[61],"train":[63],"network":[65,88,117,141,189,213,220],"produce":[67,143],"deterministic":[68,144],"consistent":[70,193],"predictions":[71,194,214],"directly.":[72],"address":[74],"these":[75],"issues,":[76],"this":[78],"paper":[79],"we":[80],"propose":[81],"holistic":[82],"involving":[84],"design":[86],"structure,":[89],"loss":[90,136,157],"procedure,":[93],"named":[94,172],"CC4S":[95,109,149,210,230],"improve":[97,207],"Certainty":[98],"Consistency":[100],"for":[101,195],"Scribble-Supervised":[102],"Semantic":[103],"Segmentation.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"reduce":[107],"uncertainty,":[108],"embeds":[110],"random":[112,168],"walk":[113,169],"module":[114,170],"into":[115],"structure":[118],"neural":[121,173,183],"representations":[122],"uniformly":[123],"distributed":[124],"within":[125],"similar":[126],"regions,":[128],"works":[130],"together":[131],"soft":[134],"entropy":[135],"function":[137],"force":[139],"predictions.":[145],"encourage":[147],"consistency,":[148],"adopts":[150],"self-supervision":[151,176],"imposes":[154],"consistency":[156],"on":[158,191],"eigenspace":[160,184],"probability":[163],"transition":[164],"matrix":[165],"(we":[171],"eigenspace).":[174],"Such":[175],"inherits":[177],"category-level":[179],"discriminability":[180],"from":[181,236],"meanwhile":[186],"helps":[187],"focus":[190],"producing":[192],"salient":[197],"parts":[198],"neglect":[200],"semantically":[201],"heterogeneous":[202],"backgrounds.":[203],"Finally,":[204],"further":[206],"performance,":[209],"uses":[211],"pseudo-labels":[216],"retrains":[218],"an":[222],"extra":[223],"color":[224],"constraint":[225],"regularizer.":[226],"From":[227],"comprehensive":[228],"experiments,":[229],"achieves":[231],"comparable":[232],"those":[235],"fully":[237],"methods":[239],"shows":[241],"promising":[242],"robustness":[243],"under":[244],"extreme":[245],"cases.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
