{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395056508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3392760","title":"Towards Unified Robustness Against Both Backdoor and Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"Towards Unified Robustness Against Both Backdoor and Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395056508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3392760","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38652616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3392760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3392760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113948735","display_name":"Zhenxing Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-5138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxing Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Human Computer Interaction and Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-5138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Human Computer Interaction and Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114859590","display_name":"Yuyao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4179-266X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Human Computer Interaction and Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4179-266X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Human Computer Interaction and Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103213763","display_name":"Qiguang Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-8310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiguang Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Human Computer Interaction and Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-8310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Human Computer Interaction and Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069394608","display_name":"Rong Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-4646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8797-4646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081114810","display_name":"Gang Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-6157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108985","display_name":"Bellevue Hospital Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01ky34z31","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283621791","https://openalex.org/I4210086933","https://openalex.org/I4210108985"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wormpex AI Research, Bellevue, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-6157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wormpex AI Research, Bellevue, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108985"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6336,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90533785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"12","first_page":"7589","last_page":"7605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9256751537322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7580112218856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7350252270698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.684414803981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6017841696739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39220771193504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3463039994239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3362235724925995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9256751537322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7580112218856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7350252270698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.684414803981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6017841696739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39220771193504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3463039994239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3362235724925995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3392760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3392760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38652616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38652616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G463471610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GHZDXM-47","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6834291205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272364","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8399070094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GX-YBXM-133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2460937040","https://openalex.org/W2592691248","https://openalex.org/W2748789698","https://openalex.org/W2774423163","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2898152545","https://openalex.org/W2903785932","https://openalex.org/W2913266441","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2963173418","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2970335439","https://openalex.org/W2986013765","https://openalex.org/W3024103409","https://openalex.org/W3034258347","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3088733693","https://openalex.org/W3092171228","https://openalex.org/W3104813328","https://openalex.org/W3107337211","https://openalex.org/W3108175762","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3128839796","https://openalex.org/W3178326529","https://openalex.org/W3197112158","https://openalex.org/W3206773754","https://openalex.org/W3209100754","https://openalex.org/W3210227505","https://openalex.org/W4206744708","https://openalex.org/W4221161708","https://openalex.org/W4225750584","https://openalex.org/W4225857837","https://openalex.org/W4251660045","https://openalex.org/W4252979261","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4300511536","https://openalex.org/W4315874822","https://openalex.org/W4316654951","https://openalex.org/W4380607137","https://openalex.org/W4386071506","https://openalex.org/W4386075973","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6743581629","https://openalex.org/W6746897123","https://openalex.org/W6749107692","https://openalex.org/W6756074407","https://openalex.org/W6756333562","https://openalex.org/W6772461460","https://openalex.org/W6774469542","https://openalex.org/W6776469819","https://openalex.org/W6783953417","https://openalex.org/W6784558051","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6788876066","https://openalex.org/W6789325072","https://openalex.org/W6802862418","https://openalex.org/W6810041867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4386080799","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W4317672133","https://openalex.org/W4386185023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"are":[4,23,134],"known":[5],"to":[6,9,36,97,114,136,153,177,225],"be":[7,178],"vulnerable":[8],"both":[10],"backdoor":[11,57,100,141,190,201,209],"and":[12,30,38,68,101,118,191,215],"adversarial":[13,66,75,102,122,129,159,192,231],"attacks.":[14,160],"In":[15],"the":[16,64,81,120,125,128,140,155,172,207,212,223,228],"literature,":[17],"these":[18,86],"two":[19],"types":[20],"of":[21,131,200],"attacks":[22,40,103,193],"commonly":[24],"treated":[25],"as":[26,80],"distinct":[27],"robustness":[28,157],"problems":[29],"solved":[31],"separately,":[32],"since":[33],"they":[34],"belong":[35],"training-time":[37],"inference-time":[39],"respectively.":[41],"However,":[42],"this":[43],"paper":[44],"revealed":[45],"that":[46],"there":[47],"is":[48,95,194,236],"an":[49,71],"intriguing":[50],"connection":[51,188],"between":[52,189],"them:":[53],"(1)":[54],"planting":[55],"a":[56,59,88,109,151],"into":[58,150],"model":[60,111,145,213],"will":[61],"significantly":[62],"affect":[63],"model's":[65,121,156],"examples":[67,76,130],"(2)":[69],"for":[70],"infected":[72,132],"model,":[73],"its":[74],"have":[77],"similar":[78],"features":[79],"triggered":[82],"images.":[83],"Based":[84],"on":[85],"observations,":[87],"novel":[89],"Progressive":[90],"Unified":[91],"Defense":[92],"(PUD)":[93],"algorithm":[94,164],"proposed":[96,204],"defend":[98],"against":[99,158],"simultaneously.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"our":[106,144,162,186],"PUD":[107,163,205],"has":[108,222],"progressive":[110],"purification":[112,146],"scheme":[113],"jointly":[115],"erase":[116,137],"backdoors":[117],"enhance":[119],"robustness.":[123],"At":[124],"early":[126],"stage,":[127],"models":[133],"utilized":[135],"backdoors.":[138],"With":[139],"gradually":[142],"erased,":[143],"can":[147,165],"naturally":[148],"turn":[149],"stage":[152],"boost":[154],"Besides,":[161,219],"effectively":[166],"identify":[167],"poisoned":[168],"images,":[169],"which":[170],"allows":[171],"initial":[173],"extra":[174],"dataset":[175],"not":[176],"completely":[179],"clean.":[180],"Extensive":[181],"experimental":[182],"results":[183],"show":[184],"that,":[185],"discovered":[187],"ubiquitous,":[195],"no":[196],"matter":[197],"what":[198],"type":[199],"attack.":[202],"The":[203,234],"outperforms":[206],"state-of-the-art":[208],"defense,":[210],"including":[211],"repairing-based":[214],"data":[216],"filtering-based":[217],"methods.":[218,233],"it":[220],"also":[221],"ability":[224],"compete":[226],"with":[227],"most":[229],"advanced":[230],"defense":[232],"code":[235],"available":[237],"here.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
