{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392207628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3370721","title":"Source-Free Domain Adaptation With Domain Generalized Pretraining for Face Anti-Spoofing","display_name":"Source-Free Domain Adaptation With Domain Generalized Pretraining for Face Anti-Spoofing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392207628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3370721","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38412088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3370721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3370721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114549708","display_name":"Yuchen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-448X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-448X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055550018","display_name":"Y. R. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-0188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yabo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-0188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045342512","display_name":"Wenrui Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenrui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001631622","display_name":"Mengran Gou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-2139"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengran Gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm AI Research, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-2139","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm AI Research, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101454740","display_name":"Chun\u2010Ting Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-105X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Ting Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm AI Research, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-105X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm AI Research, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002494284","display_name":"Hongkai Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkai Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98588196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"8","first_page":"5430","last_page":"5448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7586459517478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.7078744769096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6149570941925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.5552899241447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4887580871582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4856635332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4770083427429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4761064946651459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-source","display_name":"Multi-source","score":0.4572226405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.4435114562511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15921777486801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10921001434326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.08633548021316528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7586459517478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.7078744769096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6149570941925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.5552899241447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4887580871582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4856635332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4770083427429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4761064946651459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934498","display_name":"Multi-source","level":2,"score":0.4572226405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.4435114562511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15921777486801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10921001434326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.08633548021316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3370721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3370721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38412088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38412088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1080903817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62320106003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2048617456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3164072223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62250055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3438946646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61932022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4936292138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2122024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6094063813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7123918047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62120106007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7931220373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371288","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8700549466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1704933117","https://openalex.org/W1770095230","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2050132334","https://openalex.org/W2095252718","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2118392996","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2341318667","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2343637459","https://openalex.org/W2409050142","https://openalex.org/W2418633638","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2768282280","https://openalex.org/W2790392345","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2889058905","https://openalex.org/W2908561578","https://openalex.org/W2952476201","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W2964003763","https://openalex.org/W2979273157","https://openalex.org/W2990068819","https://openalex.org/W2998163473","https://openalex.org/W2998570087","https://openalex.org/W3005726865","https://openalex.org/W3034500918","https://openalex.org/W3035116217","https://openalex.org/W3035263140","https://openalex.org/W3035459165","https://openalex.org/W3094861582","https://openalex.org/W3096672325","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3104084024","https://openalex.org/W3108722472","https://openalex.org/W3111747582","https://openalex.org/W3132178755","https://openalex.org/W3132882818","https://openalex.org/W3135588948","https://openalex.org/W3138047537","https://openalex.org/W3138196357","https://openalex.org/W3155790529","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3159891475","https://openalex.org/W3163445462","https://openalex.org/W3163491509","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3173251459","https://openalex.org/W3174133171","https://openalex.org/W3192275354","https://openalex.org/W3198430326","https://openalex.org/W3208158528","https://openalex.org/W3211070681","https://openalex.org/W4206584038","https://openalex.org/W4214715922","https://openalex.org/W4226291055","https://openalex.org/W4241948780","https://openalex.org/W4281264715","https://openalex.org/W4282936640","https://openalex.org/W4293518060","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4306832857","https://openalex.org/W4309951129","https://openalex.org/W4312397528","https://openalex.org/W4312836647","https://openalex.org/W4372260513","https://openalex.org/W4390872986","https://openalex.org/W4392251648","https://openalex.org/W6637339757","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6655382975","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6687400500","https://openalex.org/W6746052068","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6782868315","https://openalex.org/W6783990618","https://openalex.org/W6788125050","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6802028791","https://openalex.org/W6850563739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W2413243053","https://openalex.org/W410723623","https://openalex.org/W2015341305","https://openalex.org/W2035068594","https://openalex.org/W4225593417","https://openalex.org/W2573498121","https://openalex.org/W4394775207","https://openalex.org/W4287757915","https://openalex.org/W2958215916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source-free":[0,57],"domain":[1,44,103,123],"adaptation":[2,137],"(SFDA)":[3],"shows":[4],"the":[5,9,19,40,67,81,107,174,181],"potential":[6],"to":[7,39,42,101,111,126,136,155,179],"improve":[8],"generalizability":[10],"of":[11,23,69],"deep":[12],"learning-based":[13],"face":[14],"anti-spoofing":[15],"(FAS)":[16],"while":[17],"preserving":[18],"privacy":[20],"and":[21,45,76,105],"security":[22],"sensitive":[24],"human":[25],"faces.":[26],"However,":[27],"existing":[28,164],"SFDA":[29,165],"methods":[30],"are":[31],"significantly":[32],"degraded":[33],"without":[34],"accessing":[35],"source":[36,70,73,91,116,140],"data":[37,78,99,144],"due":[38],"inability":[41],"mitigate":[43],"identity":[46,113],"bias":[47,104],"in":[48,163,184],"FAS.":[49,185],"In":[50],"this":[51,171],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,85,119],"propose":[54,120],"a":[55,87,96,121,133],"novel":[56],"Domain":[58],"Adaptation":[59],"framework":[60,178,194],"for":[61,90],"FAS":[62],"(SDA-FAS)":[63],"that":[64,94],"systematically":[65],"addresses":[66],"challenges":[68],"model":[71,92],"pre-training,":[72],"knowledge":[74,117],"adaptation,":[75,118],"target":[77,143],"exploration":[79,145],"under":[80],"source-free":[82],"setting.":[83],"Specifically,":[84],"develop":[86],"generalized":[88],"method":[89],"pre-training":[93],"leverages":[95],"causality-inspired":[97],"PatchMix":[98],"augmentation":[100,154],"diminish":[102],"designs":[106],"patch-wise":[108],"contrastive":[109,122],"loss":[110],"alleviate":[112],"bias.":[114],"For":[115],"alignment":[124],"module":[125],"align":[127],"conditional":[128],"distribution":[129],"across":[130],"domains":[131],"with":[132,151],"theoretical":[134],"equivalence":[135],"based":[138],"on":[139,188],"data.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"is":[146,161],"achieved":[147],"via":[148],"self-supervised":[149],"learning":[150],"patch":[152],"shuffle":[153],"identify":[156],"unseen":[157],"attack":[158],"types,":[159],"which":[160],"ignored":[162],"methods.":[166,198],"To":[167],"our":[168,193],"best":[169],"knowledge,":[170],"paper":[172],"provides":[173],"first":[175],"full-stack":[176],"privacy-preserving":[177],"address":[180],"generalization":[182],"problem":[183],"Extensive":[186],"experiments":[187],"nineteen":[189],"cross-dataset":[190],"scenarios":[191],"show":[192],"considerably":[195],"outperforms":[196],"state-of-the-art":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}