{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390956108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3355212","title":"Diversify: A General Framework for Time Series Out-of-Distribution Detection and Generalization","display_name":"Diversify: A General Framework for Time Series Out-of-Distribution Detection and Generalization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390956108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3355212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3355212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3355212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774978","display_name":"Lu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-0737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-0737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700956","display_name":"Jindong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-0880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-0880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076341654","display_name":"Xinwei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-7985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-7985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008558592","display_name":"Yiqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-0780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology (CAS), Beijing, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Devices, CAS"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-0780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology (CAS), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Devices, CAS","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024401174","display_name":"Xiangyang Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-9975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-9975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636286","display_name":"Qiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-8360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044651577","display_name":"Xing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6837,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97673556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"6","first_page":"4534","last_page":"4550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.622637927532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5816047787666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5795367956161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5540267825126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39989173412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3498367965221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24792128801345825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.622637927532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5816047787666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5795367956161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5540267825126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39989173412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3498367965221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24792128801345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3355212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2024.3355212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-134403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-134403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5033718275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA28040500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153185079","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1857382374","https://openalex.org/W1968355947","https://openalex.org/W1973058638","https://openalex.org/W2009082127","https://openalex.org/W2026297770","https://openalex.org/W2104094955","https://openalex.org/W2144348409","https://openalex.org/W2145343602","https://openalex.org/W2153939756","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2736191430","https://openalex.org/W2795870271","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2883725317","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2894728917","https://openalex.org/W2894771803","https://openalex.org/W2954418827","https://openalex.org/W2964288524","https://openalex.org/W2998115938","https://openalex.org/W2998653622","https://openalex.org/W3006853338","https://openalex.org/W3038585207","https://openalex.org/W3080108946","https://openalex.org/W3097018422","https://openalex.org/W3098846496","https://openalex.org/W3112330479","https://openalex.org/W3126219352","https://openalex.org/W3133542152","https://openalex.org/W3153511633","https://openalex.org/W3161094354","https://openalex.org/W3172854222","https://openalex.org/W3174812227","https://openalex.org/W3175956495","https://openalex.org/W3180303049","https://openalex.org/W3183864931","https://openalex.org/W3190461479","https://openalex.org/W3205597769","https://openalex.org/W3207999419","https://openalex.org/W4206118545","https://openalex.org/W4213416527","https://openalex.org/W4214480085","https://openalex.org/W4214769349","https://openalex.org/W4280550128","https://openalex.org/W4282979157","https://openalex.org/W4289639938","https://openalex.org/W4307572272","https://openalex.org/W4312238089","https://openalex.org/W4312774735","https://openalex.org/W4312919733","https://openalex.org/W4320460883","https://openalex.org/W4378347262","https://openalex.org/W4379540121","https://openalex.org/W4380487448","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385763767","https://openalex.org/W4386076274","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6677850982","https://openalex.org/W6678007500","https://openalex.org/W6686712754","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6743095615","https://openalex.org/W6745891213","https://openalex.org/W6748426227","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6752760542","https://openalex.org/W6757615711","https://openalex.org/W6761687776","https://openalex.org/W6764679822","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6767211973","https://openalex.org/W6771271773","https://openalex.org/W6778353478","https://openalex.org/W6779253770","https://openalex.org/W6782948914","https://openalex.org/W6786798588","https://openalex.org/W6797080668","https://openalex.org/W6801313185","https://openalex.org/W6802647179","https://openalex.org/W6802941974","https://openalex.org/W6809727077","https://openalex.org/W6810308849","https://openalex.org/W6840726259","https://openalex.org/W6843065753","https://openalex.org/W6843441237","https://openalex.org/W6844238458","https://openalex.org/W6845991869","https://openalex.org/W6846077732","https://openalex.org/W6846539201","https://openalex.org/W6846825190","https://openalex.org/W6847735612","https://openalex.org/W6849145530","https://openalex.org/W6850699313","https://openalex.org/W6850901544","https://openalex.org/W6853280691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"series":[1,20,38,75],"remains":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,79,102,138],"the":[5,30,68,77,118,153],"most":[6,51],"challenging":[7],"modalities":[8],"in":[9,46,73],"machine":[10],"learning":[11],"research.":[12],"Out-of-distribution":[13],"(OOD)":[14],"detection":[15,96,129,141],"and":[16,97,175,178,184,192],"generalization":[17,98],"on":[18,53,99,160],"time":[19,37,74,103],"often":[21],"face":[22],"difficulties":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,66,116,132],"their":[26],"non-stationary":[27],"nature,":[28],"wherein":[29],"distribution":[31,112],"changes":[32],"over":[33],"time.":[34],"Thedynamicdistributions":[35],"within":[36,81],"present":[39],"significant":[40],"challenges":[41],"for":[42,85,94,140,148],"existing":[43,127],"algorithms,":[44],"especially":[45],"identifying":[47,110],"invariant":[48],"distributions,":[49],"as":[50,60],"focus":[52],"scenarios":[54],"where":[55],"domain":[56],"information":[57],"is":[58],"provided":[59],"prior":[61],"knowledge.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"aims":[65],"address":[67],"issues":[69],"induced":[70],"by":[71],"non-stationarity":[72],"through":[76,105],"exploration":[78],"subdomains":[80],"a":[82,91],"complete":[83],"dataset":[84],"generalized":[86,190],"representation":[87],"learning.":[88],"We":[89,124],"proposeDiversify,":[90],"general":[92],"framework,":[93],"OOD":[95,128,165],"dynamic":[100],"distributions":[101],"series.Diversifyoperates":[104],"an":[106],"iterative":[107],"process:":[108],"first":[109],"the\u2019worst-case\u2019latent":[111],"scenario,":[113],"then":[114],"working":[115],"minimize":[117],"gaps":[119],"between":[120],"these":[121],"latent":[122],"distributions.":[123],"implementDiversifyby":[125],"combining":[126],"methods":[130],"according":[131],"either":[133],"extracted":[134],"features":[135,191],"or":[136],"outputs":[137,147],"models":[139],"while":[142],"we":[143],"also":[144],"directly":[145],"utilize":[146],"classification.":[149],"Theoretical":[150],"insights":[151],"support":[152],"framework's":[154],"validity.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"are":[158],"conducted":[159],"seven":[161],"datasets":[162],"with":[163],"different":[164],"settings":[166],"across":[167],"gesture":[168],"recognition,":[169,172],"speech":[170],"commands":[171],"wearable":[173],"stress":[174],"affect":[176],"detection,":[177],"sensor-based":[179],"human":[180],"activity":[181],"recognition.":[182],"Qualitative":[183],"quantitative":[185],"results":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"thatDiversifylearns":[188],"more":[189],"significantly":[193],"outperforms":[194],"other":[195],"baselines.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
