{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389879998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3343728","title":"Shadow Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on Spectral Radiance Separability Enhancement","display_name":"Shadow Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on Spectral Radiance Separability Enhancement","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389879998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3343728","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38109233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3343728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3343728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035099275","display_name":"Jiahang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-8216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiahang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659844","display_name":"Xiaozhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-7516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036577897","display_name":"Guo Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-4477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085107513","display_name":"Ruilei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-5445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruilei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101498848","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-050X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035099275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85784339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"5","first_page":"3438","last_page":"3449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.8231857419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.8044700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.7236015796661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7018994688987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6545804142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6538203358650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6376656293869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.4661974012851715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.43319475650787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-color","display_name":"False color","score":0.42957544326782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4190335273742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.2621281147003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2491466999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24144309759140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23750042915344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1369330883026123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.8231857419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.8044700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7236015796661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7018994688987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6545804142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6538203358650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6376656293869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.4661974012851715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.43319475650787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173285193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519022","display_name":"False color","level":5,"score":0.42957544326782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4190335273742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.2621281147003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2491466999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24144309759140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23750042915344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1369330883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3343728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3343728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38109233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38109233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979583718","https://openalex.org/W2008162142","https://openalex.org/W2010828461","https://openalex.org/W2015635283","https://openalex.org/W2038358063","https://openalex.org/W2061431465","https://openalex.org/W2065769426","https://openalex.org/W2073612320","https://openalex.org/W2078558728","https://openalex.org/W2088949640","https://openalex.org/W2089063443","https://openalex.org/W2096128536","https://openalex.org/W2097244687","https://openalex.org/W2109391410","https://openalex.org/W2112550469","https://openalex.org/W2125270033","https://openalex.org/W2125656989","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2137338246","https://openalex.org/W2144527376","https://openalex.org/W2145267774","https://openalex.org/W2147496167","https://openalex.org/W2166369979","https://openalex.org/W2308318555","https://openalex.org/W2377120119","https://openalex.org/W2414629113","https://openalex.org/W2584156879","https://openalex.org/W2612076836","https://openalex.org/W2761917471","https://openalex.org/W2785628721","https://openalex.org/W2922342173","https://openalex.org/W2948436942","https://openalex.org/W2956149500","https://openalex.org/W2963968420","https://openalex.org/W3097181750","https://openalex.org/W3115300452","https://openalex.org/W3137568368","https://openalex.org/W3217554102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036931590","https://openalex.org/W3089138622","https://openalex.org/W2393394808","https://openalex.org/W1978048487","https://openalex.org/W1971059440","https://openalex.org/W2035984626","https://openalex.org/W2037661016","https://openalex.org/W1999697401","https://openalex.org/W2050438573","https://openalex.org/W2395618344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shadow":[0],"detection":[1,93],"is":[2,13,25,47,61],"a":[3,34,88,132],"basic":[4],"task":[5],"of":[6,53,71,84],"remote":[7,97],"sensing":[8,98],"image":[9],"analysis,":[10],"but":[11,40,90,118],"it":[12],"often":[14,32],"seriously":[15],"disturbed":[16],"by":[17],"vegetation,":[18,114],"water":[19,55,115],"bodies,":[20,116],"and":[21,29,46,75,81,160,165,171,190],"black":[22],"objects.":[23],"It":[24],"observed":[26],"that":[27,50,64,109,178],"vegetation":[28],"dark":[30,35,82],"objects":[31],"show":[33],"look":[36],"in":[37,42,57,65,187],"visible":[38],"bands":[39],"brighter":[41],"the":[43,51,58,66,79,120,128,147,153,179,185,192],"near-infrared":[44],"(NIR),":[45],"also":[48],"noticed":[49],"reflection":[52],"inland":[54],"bodies":[56],"green":[59],"band":[60],"stronger":[62],"than":[63],"blue":[67],"band.":[68],"Taking":[69],"advantage":[70],"these":[72],"physical":[73,101],"properties":[74,102],"combining":[76],"them":[77,167],"with":[78],"bluish":[80],"appearance":[83],"shadows,":[85],"we":[86,126,149],"propose":[87,150],"simple":[89],"effective":[91],"shadow":[92,129],"method":[94,181],"for":[95],"multispectral":[96,188],"images.":[99],"These":[100],"are":[103],"used":[104],"to":[105,135,168],"create":[106],"transformation":[107],"models":[108],"suppress":[110],"features":[111],"such":[112],"as":[113],"etc.,":[117],"at":[119],"same":[121],"time":[122],"enhance":[123],"shadows.":[124],"Then,":[125],"transform":[127],"representation":[130],"into":[131],"color":[133,141],"space":[134],"generate":[136],"candidate":[137],"shadows":[138,145,170,186],"using":[139],"dominant":[140],"components.":[142],"To":[143],"separate":[144],"from":[146],"others,":[148],"two":[151],"indexes,":[152],"normalized":[154],"Color":[155,161],"Difference":[156],"Composite":[157],"Index":[158,163],"(CDCI)":[159],"Purity":[162],"(CPI),":[164],"fuse":[166],"achieve":[169],"their":[172],"confidence.":[173],"The":[174],"experimental":[175],"results":[176],"indicate":[177],"proposed":[180],"can":[182],"effectively":[183],"detect":[184],"images":[189],"outperforms":[191],"state-of-the-art":[193],"approaches.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
