{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389665180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3342650","title":"PiCO+: Contrastive Label Disambiguation for Robust Partial Label Learning","display_name":"PiCO+: Contrastive Label Disambiguation for Robust Partial Label Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389665180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3342650","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38090836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3342650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3342650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049707744","display_name":"Haobo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-3048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-3048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017609232","display_name":"Ruixuan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-4009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixuan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-4009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076432790","display_name":"Yixuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-4323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-4323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682348","display_name":"Lei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-5799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-5799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077897263","display_name":"Gang Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-5079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-5079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389286","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-0045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-0045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034520734","display_name":"Junbo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-2936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-2936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049707744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9583,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97676171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"5","first_page":"3183","last_page":"3198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8084239959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7310622930526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7170078158378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5721105337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5228479504585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5104674100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41673868894577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15021222829818726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8084239959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7310622930526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7170078158378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5721105337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5228479504585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5104674100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41673868894577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15021222829818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3342650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3342650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38090836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38090836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320694550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1767963729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"226-2022-00028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2710370497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-2331669","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4024007374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6602531639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-23-1-2643","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G672112506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-2237037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319290","display_name":"Meta","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024328138","https://openalex.org/W2047643928","https://openalex.org/W2145001205","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2393384312","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2592507807","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2905443329","https://openalex.org/W2951821459","https://openalex.org/W2964292098","https://openalex.org/W2967363906","https://openalex.org/W2975761646","https://openalex.org/W2981873476","https://openalex.org/W2997519153","https://openalex.org/W3034185248","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3035546924","https://openalex.org/W3091002423","https://openalex.org/W3103846556","https://openalex.org/W3109620645","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3129312149","https://openalex.org/W3162410350","https://openalex.org/W3204785235","https://openalex.org/W3205597769","https://openalex.org/W4251481993","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4312582944","https://openalex.org/W6600609147","https://openalex.org/W6676643997","https://openalex.org/W6677082149","https://openalex.org/W6679506024","https://openalex.org/W6681102160","https://openalex.org/W6682124274","https://openalex.org/W6683235360","https://openalex.org/W6695715710","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6745891213","https://openalex.org/W6750523955","https://openalex.org/W6751420435","https://openalex.org/W6751647823","https://openalex.org/W6752760542","https://openalex.org/W6753772092","https://openalex.org/W6762913911","https://openalex.org/W6763430915","https://openalex.org/W6768297763","https://openalex.org/W6768848008","https://openalex.org/W6771630921","https://openalex.org/W6772389607","https://openalex.org/W6774313938","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6778102432","https://openalex.org/W6779482673","https://openalex.org/W6780619371","https://openalex.org/W6782914715","https://openalex.org/W6784323503","https://openalex.org/W6785557519","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6788564117","https://openalex.org/W6790546860","https://openalex.org/W6796290586","https://openalex.org/W6802647179","https://openalex.org/W6810300553","https://openalex.org/W6850063816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W2067569035","https://openalex.org/W2090985514","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2145649715","https://openalex.org/W2171975302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Partial":[0],"label":[1,24,71,80,122],"learning":[2,89,144],"(PLL)":[3],"is":[4,47],"an":[5,115],"important":[6],"problem":[7],"that":[8,63,84,102,174],"allows":[9],"each":[10],"training":[11],"example":[12],"to":[13,74,127,195],"be":[14,111],"labeled":[15],"with":[16,21,92],"a":[17,28,42,78,87,93,141,163],"coarse":[18],"candidate":[19,44,67],"set":[20],"the":[22,34,38,50,60,66,151,156,180],"ground-truth":[23,39],"included.":[25],"However,":[26],"in":[27,155,184],"more":[29],"practical":[30],"but":[31],"challenging":[32],"scenario,":[33],"annotator":[35],"may":[36],"miss":[37],"and":[40,69,109,136,161,186,190],"provide":[41],"wrong":[43],"set,":[45],"which":[46,129],"known":[48],"as":[49],"noisy":[51,187],"PLL":[52,188],"problem.":[53],"To":[54,120],"remedy":[55],"this":[56],"problem,":[57],"we":[58,76,100,124,148],"propose":[59],"PiCO+":[61,154],"framework":[62],"simultaneously":[64],"disambiguates":[65],"sets":[68],"mitigates":[70],"noise.":[72],"Core":[73],"PiCO+,":[75,128],"develop":[77],"novel":[79,94,164],"disambiguation":[81,97],"algorithm":[82,118],"PiCO":[83,126],"consists":[85],"of":[86,153,158],"contrastive":[88,143],"module":[90],"along":[91],"class":[95],"prototype-based":[96],"method.":[98],"Theoretically,":[99],"show":[101],"these":[103],"two":[104],"components":[105],"are":[106],"mutually":[107],"beneficial,":[108],"can":[110],"rigorously":[112],"justified":[113],"from":[114],"expectation-maximization":[116],"(EM)":[117],"perspective.":[119],"handle":[121],"noise,":[123],"extend":[125],"further":[130,149],"performs":[131],"distance-based":[132],"clean":[133],"sample":[134],"selection,":[135],"learns":[137],"robust":[138],"classifiers":[139],"by":[140],"semi-supervised":[142],"algorithm.":[145],"Beyond":[146],"this,":[147],"investigate":[150],"robustness":[152],"context":[157],"out-of-distribution":[159],"noise":[160],"incorporate":[162],"energy-based":[165],"rejection":[166],"method":[167],"for":[168],"improved":[169],"robustness.":[170],"Extensive":[171],"experiments":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"our":[175],"proposed":[176],"methods":[177],"significantly":[178],"outperform":[179],"current":[181],"state-of-the-art":[182],"approaches":[183],"standard":[185],"tasks":[189],"even":[191],"achieve":[192],"comparable":[193],"results":[194],"fully":[196],"supervised":[197],"learning.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
