{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382568144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3290594","title":"Towards Large-Scale Small Object Detection: Survey and Benchmarks","display_name":"Towards Large-Scale Small Object Detection: Survey and Benchmarks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382568144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3290594","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37384469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3290594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3290594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080476856","display_name":"Gong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-0683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-0683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101652755","display_name":"Xiang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4927-7039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049629716","display_name":"Xiwen Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-7428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwen Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-7428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079817131","display_name":"Kebing Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kebing Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101514832","display_name":"Qinghua Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-5983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083549112","display_name":"Xingxing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1893-9641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingxing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012529382","display_name":"Junwei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":55.6625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":575,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99955557,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"11","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7856012582778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7550021409988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6569304466247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6288489103317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6225267648696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5608806014060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.5231462717056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.48184216022491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4812162220478058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4332895874977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4029245376586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35938718914985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35724204778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10152837634086609}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7856012582778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7550021409988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6569304466247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6288489103317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6225267648696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5608806014060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5231462717056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.48184216022491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4812162220478058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4332895874977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4029245376586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35938718914985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35724204778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10152837634086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3290594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3290594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37384469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37384469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":217,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8437397","https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1562810981","https://openalex.org/W1566134554","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1800356822","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2002427601","https://openalex.org/W2019370496","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2125556102","https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2135231474","https://openalex.org/W2141231702","https://openalex.org/W2141364309","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164084182","https://openalex.org/W2166761907","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2176924101","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2296151615","https://openalex.org/W2308318555","https://openalex.org/W2418346537","https://openalex.org/W2474389331","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2479866714","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2579152745","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2594258618","https://openalex.org/W2625219738","https://openalex.org/W2737202447","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2768489488","https://openalex.org/W2769576731","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2795812085","https://openalex.org/W2798355657","https://openalex.org/W2798748382","https://openalex.org/W2803740064","https://openalex.org/W2807183728","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2886335102","https://openalex.org/W2896155169","https://openalex.org/W2899607431","https://openalex.org/W2912552651","https://openalex.org/W2924873663","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2937438334","https://openalex.org/W2950516690","https://openalex.org/W2956268511","https://openalex.org/W2958435308","https://openalex.org/W2962766044","https://openalex.org/W2962921175","https://openalex.org/W2963011882","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963307811","https://openalex.org/W2963315052","https://openalex.org/W2963381188","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963572007","https://openalex.org/W2963584620","https://openalex.org/W2963727650","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2963856926","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964444661","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2967487473","https://openalex.org/W2981689412","https://openalex.org/W2985384565","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2987322772","https://openalex.org/W2988452521","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2989611864","https://openalex.org/W2989676862","https://openalex.org/W2990631821","https://openalex.org/W2990792015","https://openalex.org/W2991089415","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W2993756598","https://openalex.org/W2994494428","https://openalex.org/W2996735448","https://openalex.org/W2997408160","https://openalex.org/W3009396058","https://openalex.org/W3011688396","https://openalex.org/W3011722050","https://openalex.org/W3025966429","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3034268345","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3036271496","https://openalex.org/W3036543015","https://openalex.org/W3041525128","https://openalex.org/W3042916480","https://openalex.org/W3046838151","https://openalex.org/W3082822150","https://openalex.org/W3090757175","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3092873533","https://openalex.org/W3096563782","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3108849448","https://openalex.org/W3109225975","https://openalex.org/W3114606989","https://openalex.org/W3116963012","https://openalex.org/W3117854388","https://openalex.org/W3118837087","https://openalex.org/W3121020412","https://openalex.org/W3122239467","https://openalex.org/W3122799380","https://openalex.org/W3125509312","https://openalex.org/W3135688577","https://openalex.org/W3136761610","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3138977901","https://openalex.org/W3157386596","https://openalex.org/W3159999130","https://openalex.org/W3162240418","https://openalex.org/W3171660447","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3175630421","https://openalex.org/W3176081225","https://openalex.org/W3176832374","https://openalex.org/W3177257155","https://openalex.org/W3184439416","https://openalex.org/W3193501245","https://openalex.org/W3201797941","https://openalex.org/W3202329597","https://openalex.org/W3203608457","https://openalex.org/W3205100603","https://openalex.org/W3208285567","https://openalex.org/W3212735601","https://openalex.org/W4210925408","https://openalex.org/W4214507171","https://openalex.org/W4214648418","https://openalex.org/W4221040873","https://openalex.org/W4225125774","https://openalex.org/W4226327087","https://openalex.org/W4229453634","https://openalex.org/W4230040612","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4283717190","https://openalex.org/W4285820611","https://openalex.org/W4288325606","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4295123323","https://openalex.org/W4297670610","https://openalex.org/W4303982397","https://openalex.org/W4312299371","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312804579","https://openalex.org/W4312823573","https://openalex.org/W4313172897","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6600324250","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6628973269","https://openalex.org/W6638114406","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6640462745","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6734935105","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6743555153","https://openalex.org/W6746054350","https://openalex.org/W6748096507","https://openalex.org/W6748130322","https://openalex.org/W6748799430","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6751325469","https://openalex.org/W6753412334","https://openalex.org/W6753494528","https://openalex.org/W6755240749","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6761230553","https://openalex.org/W6764322716","https://openalex.org/W6765987515","https://openalex.org/W6771062828","https://openalex.org/W6778485988","https://openalex.org/W6779679448","https://openalex.org/W6781000698","https://openalex.org/W6783193883","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6792039502","https://openalex.org/W6797758555","https://openalex.org/W6797859680","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6803565961","https://openalex.org/W6840041200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3085382568","https://openalex.org/W2891575204","https://openalex.org/W3177249605","https://openalex.org/W4376620596","https://openalex.org/W2534152068","https://openalex.org/W4299545679","https://openalex.org/W2951433694","https://openalex.org/W1972515067","https://openalex.org/W2549121492","https://openalex.org/W1689909837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,23,33,42,51,86,105,146,167,176,181],"rise":[2],"of":[3,26,32,54,79,88,120,156,169,183],"deep":[4],"convolutional":[5],"neural":[6],"networks,":[7],"object":[8,64,81],"detection":[9,65],"has":[10],"achieved":[11],"prominent":[12],"advances":[13],"in":[14,37,189],"past":[15],"years.":[16],"However,":[17],"such":[18],"prosperity":[19],"could":[20,179],"not":[21],"camouflage":[22],"unsatisfactory":[24],"situation":[25],"Small":[27,94],"Object":[28,95],"Detection":[29,96],"(SOD),":[30],"one":[31],"notoriously":[34],"challenging":[35],"tasks":[36],"computer":[38],"vision,":[39],"owing":[40],"to":[41,84,149],"poor":[43],"visual":[44],"appearance":[45],"and":[46,100,107,117,132,185],"noisy":[47],"representation":[48],"caused":[49],"by":[50],"intrinsic":[52],"structure":[53],"small":[55,63,80],"targets.":[56],"In":[57,70],"addition,":[58],"large-scale":[59,93,150],"dataset":[60],"for":[61,161],"benchmarking":[62],"methods":[66,171],"remains":[67],"a":[68,76,153],"bottleneck.":[69],"this":[71,190],"paper,":[72],"we":[73,90,125,143,165],"first":[74],"conduct":[75],"thorough":[77],"review":[78],"detection.":[82],"Then,":[83],"catalyze":[85],"development":[87,182],"SOD,":[89],"construct":[91],"two":[92],"dAtasets":[97],"(SODA),":[98],"SODA-D":[99,111],"SODA-A,":[101,124],"which":[102],"focus":[103],"on":[104,172],"Driving":[106],"Aerial":[108],"scenarios":[109],"respectively.":[110],"includes":[112],"24828":[113],"high-quality":[114],"traffic":[115],"images":[116,131],"278433":[118],"instances":[119,135,159],"nine":[121,137],"categories.":[122],"For":[123],"harvest":[126],"2513":[127],"high":[128],"resolution":[129],"aerial":[130],"annotate":[133],"872069":[134],"over":[136],"classes.":[138],"The":[139],"proposed":[140],"datasets,":[141],"as":[142],"know,":[144],"are":[145],"first-ever":[147],"attempt":[148],"benchmarks":[151,178],"with":[152],"vast":[154],"collection":[155],"exhaustively":[157],"annotated":[158],"tailored":[160],"multi-category":[162],"SOD.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"evaluate":[166],"performance":[168],"mainstream":[170],"SODA.":[173],"We":[174],"expect":[175],"released":[177],"facilitate":[180],"SOD":[184],"spawn":[186],"more":[187],"breakthroughs":[188],"field.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":243},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":204},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}