{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319878528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3244023","title":"From Instance to Metric Calibration: A Unified Framework for Open-World Few-Shot Learning","display_name":"From Instance to Metric Calibration: A Unified Framework for Open-World Few-Shot Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319878528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3244023","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3244023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3244023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080952474","display_name":"Yuexuan An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-4059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuexuan An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-4059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057436798","display_name":"Hui Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-4445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-4445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037909738","display_name":"Xingyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-3445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-3445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378682","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-7138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-7138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080952474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96605477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"8","first_page":"9757","last_page":"9773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6498678922653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6477992534637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6362527012825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6209613084793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","score":0.5267072319984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41916748881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25631266832351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10182401537895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09535256028175354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6498678922653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6477992534637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6362527012825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6209613084793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.5267072319984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41916748881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25631266832351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10182401537895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09535256028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3244023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3244023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37022893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2324730263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M720028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6659685091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608690979","https://openalex.org/W1490654344","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1917989004","https://openalex.org/W2121056381","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2167460663","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2204904589","https://openalex.org/W2601450892","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2753160622","https://openalex.org/W2787035179","https://openalex.org/W2802331540","https://openalex.org/W2885593519","https://openalex.org/W2892122929","https://openalex.org/W2912934043","https://openalex.org/W2929478825","https://openalex.org/W2944378183","https://openalex.org/W2947380870","https://openalex.org/W2952361104","https://openalex.org/W2953272802","https://openalex.org/W2962723986","https://openalex.org/W2962933664","https://openalex.org/W2963341924","https://openalex.org/W2963735582","https://openalex.org/W2963741406","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2964206659","https://openalex.org/W2989661724","https://openalex.org/W2998468066","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3007592798","https://openalex.org/W3009081299","https://openalex.org/W3016847592","https://openalex.org/W3026649487","https://openalex.org/W3034230713","https://openalex.org/W3034312118","https://openalex.org/W3035060554","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3036224891","https://openalex.org/W3042609801","https://openalex.org/W3092824172","https://openalex.org/W3103846556","https://openalex.org/W3110687497","https://openalex.org/W3118062200","https://openalex.org/W3120742992","https://openalex.org/W3121661476","https://openalex.org/W3122520870","https://openalex.org/W3146079624","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3175337163","https://openalex.org/W3176709420","https://openalex.org/W3182874523","https://openalex.org/W3191502879","https://openalex.org/W4200312714","https://openalex.org/W4205271301","https://openalex.org/W4211031152","https://openalex.org/W4211186538","https://openalex.org/W4211246278","https://openalex.org/W4226046397","https://openalex.org/W4226334909","https://openalex.org/W4284892020","https://openalex.org/W4288420183","https://openalex.org/W4293412117","https://openalex.org/W4300223101","https://openalex.org/W4312526008","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6678280073","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6735236233","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6743661861","https://openalex.org/W6748284727","https://openalex.org/W6748555532","https://openalex.org/W6751281049","https://openalex.org/W6751647823","https://openalex.org/W6752232076","https://openalex.org/W6753772092","https://openalex.org/W6754011391","https://openalex.org/W6754673040","https://openalex.org/W6758126075","https://openalex.org/W6762161020","https://openalex.org/W6762744983","https://openalex.org/W6763430915","https://openalex.org/W6773861553","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6774630179","https://openalex.org/W6777446418","https://openalex.org/W6778102432","https://openalex.org/W6779326418","https://openalex.org/W6779997284","https://openalex.org/W6783825419","https://openalex.org/W6785557519","https://openalex.org/W6788840927","https://openalex.org/W6797636097","https://openalex.org/W6803870738","https://openalex.org/W6810737369","https://openalex.org/W6989557187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robust":[0],"few-shot":[1,11,61,72],"learning":[2,62],"(RFSL),":[3],"which":[4,34],"aims":[5],"to":[6,47,54,84,90,107,127,144],"address":[7,75],"noisy":[8],"labels":[9],"in":[10,71,168],"learning,":[12],"has":[13],"recently":[14],"gained":[15],"considerable":[16],"attention.":[17],"Existing":[18],"RFSL":[19],"methods":[20],"are":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,183],"the":[24,27,42,76,147,158,164,188],"assumption":[25],"that":[26],"noise":[28,43,68,167],"comes":[29],"from":[30,88,174],"known":[31,49],"classes":[32,50],"(in-domain),":[33],"is":[35,198],"inconsistent":[36],"with":[37,130],"many":[38],"real-world":[39],"scenarios":[40],"where":[41,64],"does":[44],"not":[45],"belong":[46],"any":[48],"(out-of-domain).":[51],"We":[52],"refer":[53],"this":[55,162],"more":[56],"complex":[57],"scenario":[58],"as":[59],"open-world":[60],"(OFSL),":[63],"in-domain":[65],"and":[66,103,113,132,178,190],"out-of-domain":[67],"simultaneously":[69],"exists":[70],"datasets.":[73],"To":[74],"challenging":[77],"problem,":[78],"we":[79,93,120,139],"propose":[80],"a":[81,95,100,104,122,141],"unified":[82],"framework":[83],"implement":[85],"comprehensive":[86],"calibration":[87],"instance":[89,134],"metric.":[91],"Specifically,":[92],"design":[94],"dual-networks":[96],"structure":[97],"composed":[98],"of":[99,166,192],"contrastive":[101],"network":[102,106],"meta":[105],"respectively":[108,155],"extract":[109],"feature-related":[110],"intra-class":[111,131],"information":[112],"enlarged":[114],"inter-class":[115,133],"variations.":[116],"For":[117,136],"instance-wise":[118],"calibration,":[119,138],"present":[121,140],"novel":[123,142],"prototype":[124],"modification":[125],"strategy":[126],"aggregate":[128],"prototypes":[129],"reweighting.":[135],"metric-wise":[137],"metric":[143],"implicitly":[145],"scale":[146],"per-class":[148],"prediction":[149],"by":[150,157],"fusing":[151],"two":[152,159],"spatial":[153],"metrics":[154],"constructed":[156],"networks.":[160],"In":[161],"way,":[163],"impact":[165],"OFSL":[169,185],"can":[170],"be":[171],"effectively":[172],"mitigated":[173],"both":[175],"feature":[176],"space":[177],"label":[179],"space.":[180],"Extensive":[181],"experiments":[182],"various":[184],"settings":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"robustness":[189],"superiority":[191],"our":[193],"method.":[194],"Our":[195],"source":[196],"codes":[197],"available":[199],"at":[200],"https://github.com/anyuexuan/IDEAL.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}